University of Oulu

Justice, A. E. et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits. Nat. Commun. 8, 14977 doi: 10.1038/ncomms14977 (2017)

Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

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Author: Justice, Anne E.1; Winkler, Thomas W.2; Feitosa, Mary F.3;
Graff, Misa1; Fisher, Virginia A.4; Young, Kristin1; Barata, Llilda3; Deng, Xuan4; Czajkowski, Jacek3; Hadley, David5,6; Ngwa, Julius S.4,7; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.8,9; Chu, Audrey Y.10,11,12; Heard-Costa, Nancy L.10,13; Lim, Elise4; Perez, Jeremiah4; Eicher, John D.14; Kutalik, Zoltan15,16,17; Xue, Luting4; Mahajan, Anubha18; Renstrom, Frida19,20; Wu, Joseph4; Qi, Qibin21; Ahmad, Shafqat11,12,20,22; Alfred, Tamuno23,24; Amin, Najaf25; Bielak, Lawrence F.26; Bonnefond, Amelie27; Bragg, Jennifer28,29,30; Cadby, Gemma31; Chittani, Martina32; Coggeshall, Scott33; Corre, Tanguy15,16,17; Direk, Nese34,35; Eriksson, Joel36; Fischer, Krista37; Gorski, Mathias2,38; Harder, Marie Neergaard8; Horikoshi, Momoko18,39; Huang, Tao22,40; Huffman, Jennifer E.14,41; Jackson, Anne U.29,30; Justesen, Johanne Marie8; Kanoni, Stavroula42; Kinnunen, Leena43; Kleber, Marcus E.44; Komulainen, Pirjo45; Kumari, Meena46,47; Lim, Unhee48; Luan, Jian'an49; Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka50,51; Mangino, Massimo52,53; Manichaikul, Ani54,55; Marten, Jonathan41; Middelberg, Rita P. S.56; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina57,58,59; Navarro, Pau41; Perusse, Louis60,61; Pervjakova, Natalia37,62; Sarti, Cinzia63; Smith, Albert Vernon64,65; Smith, Jennifer A.26; Stancakova, Alena66; Strawbridge, Rona J.67,68; Stringham, Heather M.29,30; Sung, Yun Ju69; Tanaka, Toshiko70; Teumer, Alexander71; Trompet, Stella72,73; van der Laan, Sander W.74; van der Most, Peter J.75; Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.76; Vedantam, Sailaja L.77,78,79,80; Verweij, Niek81; Vink, Jacqueline M.82,83; Vitart, Veronique41; Wu, Ying84; Yengo, Loic27; Zhang, Weihua85,86; Zhao, Jing Hua49; Zimmermann, Martina E.2; Zubair, Niha87; Abecasis, Goncalo R.29,30; Adair, Linda S.88; Afaq, Saima85,86; Afzal, Uzma85,86; Bakker, Stephan J. L.89; Bartz, Traci M.33,90; Beilby, John91,92,93,94; Bergman, Richard N.95; Bergmann, Sven16,17; Biffar, Reiner96; Blangero, John97; Boerwinkle, Eric98; Bonnycastle, Lori L.99; Bottinger, Erwin23,100; Braga, Daniele32; Buckley, Brendan M.101; Buyske, Steve102,103; Campbell, Harry104; Chambers, John C.85,86,105; Collins, Francis S.99; Curran, Joanne E.97; de Borst, Gert J.106; de Craen, Anton J. M.73; de Geus, Eco J. C.82,107,108; Dedoussis, George109; Delgado, Graciela E.44; den Ruijter, Hester M.74; Eiriksdottir, Gudny64; Eriksson, Anna L.36; Esko, Tonu37,77,78,79,80; Faul, Jessica D.110; Ford, Ian111; Forrester, Terrence112; Gertow, Karl67,68; Gigante, Bruna113; Glorioso, Nicola114; Gong, Jian87; Grallert, Harald115,116,117; Grammer, Tanja B.44; Grarup, Niels8; Haitjema, Saskia74; Hallmans, Goran118; Hamsten, Anders67,68; Hansen, Torben5; Harris, Tamara B.119; Hartman, Catharina A.120; Hassinen, Maija45; Hastie, Nicholas D.41; Heath, Andrew C.121; Hernandez, Dena122; Hindorff, Lucia123; Hocking, Lynne J.124,125; Hollensted, Mette8; Holmen, Oddgeir L.126; Homuth, Georg127; Hottenga, Jouke Jan82; Huang, Jie128; Hung, Joseph129,130; Hutri-Kähönen, Nina131,132; Ingelsson, Erik133,134,135; James, Alan L.91,129,136; Jansson, John-Olov137; Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta138,139,140,141; Jhun, Min A.26; Jorgensen, Marit E.9; Juonala, Markus142,143; Kähönen, Mika144,145; Karlsson, Magnus146; Koistinen, Heikki A.43,147,148,149,150; Kolcic, Ivana151; Kolovou, Genovefa152; Kooperberg, Charles87; Kramer, Bernhard K.44; Kuusisto, Johanna153,154; Kvaloy, Kirsti155; Lakka, Timo A.45,156; Langenberg, Claudia49; Launer, Lenore J.119; Leander, Karin113; Lee, Nanette R.157,158; Lind, Lars159; Lindgren, Cecilia M.18,160; Linneberg, Allan150,161,162; Lobbens, Stephane27; Loh, Marie85,163; Lorentzon, Mattias36; Luben, Robert164; Lubke, Gitta165; Ludolph-Donislawski, Anja57,166; Lupoli, Sara32; Madden, Pamela A. F.121; Männikkö, Reija45; Marques-Vidal, Pedro167; Martin, Nicholas G.56; McKenzie, Colin A.112; McKnight, Barbara33,90,168; Mellstrom, Dan36; Menni, Cristina52; Montgomery, Grant W.169; Musk, A. W. (Bill); Narisu, Narisu99; Nauck, Matthias170,171; Nolte, Ilja M.75; Oldehinkel, Albertine J.120; Olden, Matthias2; Ong, Ken K.49; Padmanabhan, Sandosh124,172; Peyser, Patricia A.26; Pisinger, Charlotta173,174; Porteous, David J.125,175; Raitakari, Olli T.176,177; Rankinen, Tuomo178; Rao, D. C.69,121,179; Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J.180; Rawal, Rajesh115,116; Rice, Treva69,153,154; Ridker, Paul M.11,12,181; Rose, Lynda M.11,12; Bien, Stephanie A.87; Rudan, Igor104; Sanna, Serena182; Sarzynski, Mark A.178; Sattar, Naveed183; Savonen, Kai45; Schlessinger, David184; Scholtens, Salome75; Schurmann, Claudia23,24; Scott, Robert A.49; Sennblad, Bengt67,68,185; Siemelink, Marten A.74; Silbernagel, Gunther186; Slagboom, P. Eline187; Snieder, Harold75; Staessen, Jan A.188,189; Stott, David J.190; Swertz, Morris A.191; Swift, Amy J.99; Taylor, Kent D.192,193; Tayo, Bamidele O.194; Thorand, Barbara116,117; Thuillier, Dorothee27; Tuomilehto, Jaakko195,196,197; Uitterlinden, Andre G.34,198; Vandenput, Liesbeth36; Vohl, Marie-Claude61,199; Volzke, Henry71; Vonk, Judith M.75; Waeber, Gerard167; Waldenberger, Melanie115,116; Westendorp, R. G. J.200,201; Wild, Sarah104; Willemsen, Gonneke82; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.76; Wong, Andrew202; Wright, Alan F.41; Zhao, Wei26; Zillikens, M. Carola198; Baldassarre, Damiano203,204; Balkau, Beverley205; Bandinelli, Stefania206; Boger, Carsten A.38; Boomsma, Dorret I.82; Bouchard, Claude178; Bruinenberg, Marcel207; Chasman, Daniel I.11,12,208; Chen, Yii-Der Ida209,210; Chines, Peter S.99; Cooper, Richard S.194; Cucca, Francesco182,211; Cusi, Daniele212,213; de Faire, Ulf113; Ferrucci, Luigi70; Franks, Paul W.20,22,214; Froguel, Philippe27,215; Gordon-Larsen, Penny88,216; Grabe, Hans-Jorgen217,218; Gudnason, Vilmundur64,65; Haiman, Christopher A.219; Hayward, Caroline41,125; Hveem, Kristian155; Johnson, Andrew D.14; Jukema, Wouter72,220,221; Kardia, Sharon L. R.26; Kivimäki, Mika47; Kooner, Jaspal S.86,105,222; Kuh, Diana202; Laakso, Markku153,154; Lehtimäki, Terho50,51; Le Marchand, Loic48; Marz, Winfried223,224,225; McCarthy, Mark I.18,39,226; Metspalu, Andres37; Morris, Andrew P.18,227; Ohlsson, Claes36; Palmer, Lyle J.228; Pasterkamp, Gerard74,229; Pedersen, Oluf8; Peters, Annette116,117; Peters, Ulrike87; Polasek, Ozren104,151; Psaty, Bruce M.230,231,232; Qi, Lu22,233; Rauramaa, Rainer45; Smith, Blair H.234; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.8,235,236; Strauch, Konstantin57,166; Tiemeier, Henning237; Tremoli, Elena203,204; Van der Harst, Pim84,191,238; Vestergaard, Henrik8,9; Vollenweider, Peter167; Wareham, Nicholas J.49; Weir, David R.110; Whitfield, John B.56; Wilson, James F.41,104; Tyrrell, Jessica239,240; Frayling, Timothy M.241; Barroso, Ines242,243,244; Boehnke, Michael29,30; Deloukas, Panagiotis42,242,245; Fox, Caroline S.10; Hirschhorn, Joel N.77,78,79,80,246; Hunter, David J.22,80,247,248,249; Spector, Tim D.52; Strachan, David P.5,250; van Duijn, Cornelia M.25,251,252; Heid, Iris M.2,57; Mohlke, Karen L.84; Marchini, Jonathan253; Loos, Ruth J. F.23,24,49,254,255; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O.8,49,256; Liu, Ching-Ti4; Borecki, Ingrid B.3; North, Kari E.1; Cupples, L. Adrienne4,10
Organizations: 1Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
2Univ Regensburg, Inst Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Dept Genet Epidemiol, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
3Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.
4Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
5St Georges Univ London, Populat Hlth Res Inst, London SW17 0RE, England.
6TransMed Syst Inc, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA.
7Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA.
8Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Sect Metab Genet, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Basic Metab Res, Copenhagen, Denmark.
9Steno Diabet Ctr, Gentofte, Denmark.
10NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA.
11Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
12Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.
13Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
14Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, NIH, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Populat Sci Branch, Framingham, MA USA.
15CHU Vaudois, Inst Social & Prevent Med IUMSP, Lausanne, Switzerland.
16Univ Lausanne, Dept Computat Biol, Lausanne, Switzerland.
17Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
18Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England.
19Umea Univ, Dept Biobank Res, Umea, Sweden.
20Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden.
21Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
22Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
23Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Charles Bronfman Inst Personalized Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
24Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Genet Obes & Related Metab Traits Program, New York, NY USA.
25Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Genet Epidemiol Unit, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands.
26Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
27Univ Lille, CNRS, Inst Pasteur Lille, EGID,UMR 8199, Lille, France.
28Univ Michigan, Internal Med Nephrol, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
29Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
30Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
31Univ Western Australia, Ctr Genet Origins Hlth & Dis, Crawley 6009, Australia.
32Univ Milan, Dept Hlth Sci, Via A Di Rudini 8, I-20142 Milan, Italy.
33Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
34Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
35Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey.
36Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Internal Med & Clin Nutr, Ctr Bone & Arthrit Res,Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden.
37Univ Tartu, Estonian Genome Ctr, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia.
38Univ Hosp Regensburg, Dept Nephrol, Regensburg, Germany.
39Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England.
40Natl Univ Singapore, Saw Swee Hock Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Domain, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
41Univ Edinburgh, Inst Genet & Mol Med, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
42Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, William Harvey Res Inst, London, England.
43Natl Inst Hlth & Welfare, Dept Hlth, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
44Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Med 5, Mannheim, Germany.
45Kuopio Res Inst Exercise Med, Kuopio, Finland.
46Univ Essex, ISER, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.
47UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England.
48Univ Hawaii, Canc Ctr, Epidemiol Program, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
49Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Inst Metab Sci, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England.
50Fimlab Labs, Dept Clin Chem, Tampere 33520, Finland.
51Univ Tampere, Fac Med & Life Sci, Dept Clin Chem, Tampere 33014, Finland.
52Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London, England.
53Guys & St Thomas Fdn Trust, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, London, England.
54Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Ctr Publ Hlth Genom, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
55Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Biostat Sect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
56QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Genet Epidemiol, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
57German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Genet Epidemiol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
58Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Hosp Grosshadern, Dept Med 1, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
59DZHK German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
60Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Kinesiol, Quebec City G1V 0A6, PQ, Canada.
61Univ Laval, Inst Nutr & Funct Foods, Quebec City G1V 0A6, PQ, Canada.
62Univ Tartu, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Biotechnol, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia.
63Dept Social & Hlth Care, Helsinki, Finland.
64Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland.
65Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.
66Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Clin Med, Dept Med, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
67Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna, Cardiovasc Med Unit, Stockholm, Sweden.
68Karolinska Univ Hosp Solna, Ctr Mol Med, Stockholm, Sweden.
69Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
70Natl Inst Aging, Translat Gerontol Branch, Baltimore, MD USA.
71Univ Med Greifswald, Inst Community Med, Greifswald, Germany.
72Leiden Univ, Dept Cardiol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands.
73Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gerontol & Geriatr, Leiden, Netherlands.
74UMC Utrecht, Div Heart & Lungs, Dept Cardiol, Lab Expt Cardiol, Utrecht, Netherlands.
75Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Epidemiol, Groningen, Netherlands.
76Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Endocrinol, Groningen, Netherlands.
77Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
78Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
79Boston Childrens Hosp, Ctr Basic & Translat Obes Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
80Broad Inst Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.
81Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Cardiol, Groningen, Netherlands.
82Vrije Univ, Dept Biol Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
83Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Behav Sci Inst, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
84Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
85Imper Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England.
86Ealing Hosp NHS Trust, Cardiol, Southall, Middx, England.
87Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
88Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
89Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Med, Groningen, Netherlands.
90Univ Washington, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
91Busselton Populat Med Res Inst, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
92Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, PathWest Lab Med WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
93Univ Western Australia, Sch Pathol, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
94Univ Western Australia, Laboraty Med, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
95Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Diabet & Obes Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA.
96Univ Med Greifswald, Clin Prosthet Dent Gerostomatol & Mat Sci, Greifswald, Germany.
97Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, South Texas Diabet & Obes Inst, Brownsville, TX USA.
98Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Human Genet Ctr, POB 20186, Houston, TX 77225 USA.
99Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Med Genom & Metab Genet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
100Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Pharmacol & Syst Therapeut, New York, NY USA.
101Univ Coll Cork, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland.
102Rutgers State Univ, Dept Genet, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
103Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat & Biostat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
104Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
105Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England.
106UMC Utrecht, Dept Vasc Surg, Div Surg Specialties, Utrecht, Netherlands.
107Vrije Univ, FMGO Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
108Vrije Univ, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
109Harokopio Univ, Sch Hlth Sci & Educ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Athens, Greece.
110Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Survey Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
111Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
112Univ West Indies, Trop Med Res Inst, Trop Metab Res Unit, Mona JMAAW15, Jamaica, NY USA.
113Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Unit Cardiovasc Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden.
114Univ Sassari, Hypertens & Related Dis Ctr, AOU, Sassari, Italy.
115German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Res Unit Mol Epidemiol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
116German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
117German Ctr Diabet Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
118Umea Univ, Sect Nutr Res, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden.
119Natl Inst Aging, NIH, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD USA.
120Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr Psychopathol & Emot Regulat, Groningen, Netherlands.
121Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
122Natl Inst Aging, Lab Neurogenet, Bethesda, MD USA.
123Natl Human Genome Res Inst, NIH, Div Genom Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
124Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland.
125Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Genom & Expt Med, Generat Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
126Univ Trondheim Hosp, St Olav Hosp, Trondheim, Norway.
127Univ Med Greifswald, Interfac Inst Genet & Funct Genom, Greifswald, Germany.
128Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Dept Human Genet, Cambridge, England.
129Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, 25 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
130Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
131Tampere Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Tampere 33521, Finland.
132Univ Tampere, Fac Med & Life Sci, Dept Pediat, Tampere 33014, Finland.
133Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci Mol Epidemiol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
134Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
135Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, S-75085 Uppsala, Sweden.
136Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Pulm Physiol & Sleep Med, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
137Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden.
138Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, MRC PHE Ctr Environm & Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Norfolk Pl, London, England.
139Univ Oulu, Fac Med, Ctr Life Course Epidemiol, POB 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
140Univ Oulu, Bioctr Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
141Oulu Univ Hosp, Unit Primary Care, Kajaanintie 50,POB 20, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
142Univ Turku, Dept Med, Turku 20520, Finland.
143Turku Univ Hosp, Div Med, Turku 20521, Finland.
144Tampere Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Tampere 33521, Finland.
145Univ Tampere, Fac Med & Life Sci, Dept Clin Physiol, Tampere 33014, Finland.
146Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Orthoped & Clin Sci, Clin & Mol Osteoporosis Res Unit, Malmo, Sweden.
147Univ Helsinki, Endocrinol, Dept Med, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
148Univ Helsinki, Endocrinol, Abdominal Ctr, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
149Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
150Minerva Fdn, Biomed 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
151Univ Split, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Split, Croatia.
152Onassis Cardiac Surg Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Athens, Greece.
153Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Med, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
154Kuopio Univ Hosp, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
155Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Nursing, HUNT Res Ctr, N-7600 Levanger, Norway.
156Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Biomed Physiol, Kuopio, Finland.
157Univ San Carlos, Off Populat Studies Fdn Inc, Cebu 6000, Philippines.
158Univ San Carlos, Dept Anthropol Sociol & Hist, Cebu 6000, Philippines.
159Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci Cardiovasc Epidemiol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
160Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford OX3 7BN, England.
161Rigshosp, Dept Clin Expt Res, Glostrup, Denmark.
162Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Clin Med, Copenhagen, Denmark.
163ASTAR, Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Translat Lab Genet Med TLGM, 8A Biomed Grove,Immunos Level 5, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
164Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England.
165Univ Notre Dame, Dept Psychol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
166Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Chair Genet Epidemiol, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
167Lausanne Univ Hosp CHUV, Dept Med Internal Med, Lausanne, Switzerland.
168Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Biostat & Biomath, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
169QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Mol Epidemiol, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
170Univ Med Greifswald, Inst Clin Chem, Greifswald, Germany.
171Univ Med Greifswald, Lab Med, Greifswald, Germany.
172Univ Glasgow, BHF Glasgow CardiovascRes Ctr, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
173Glostrup Cty Hosp, Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Glostrup, Denmark.
174Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark.
175Univ Edinburgh, Inst Genet & Mol Med, Ctr Genom & Expt Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
176Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol & Nucl Med, Turku 20521, Finland.
177Univ Turku, Res Ctr Appl & Prevent Cardiovasc Med, Turku 20520, Finland.
178Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Human Genom Lab, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA.
179Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
180Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
181Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
182Cittadella Univ Monserrato, CNR, IRGB, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
183BHF Glasgow Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Fac Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
184Natl Inst Aging, NIH, Lab Genet, Baltimore, MD USA.
185Karolinska Inst, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
186Med Univ Graz, Dept Internal Med, Div Angiol, Graz, Austria.
187Leiden Univ, Dept Mol Epidemiol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands.
188Univ Leuven, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Res Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Epidemiol, Campus Sint Rafael,Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, Belgium.
189Maastricht Univ, R&D VitaK Grp, Brains Unlimited Bldg,Oxfordlaan 55, Maastricht, Netherlands.
190Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Fac Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
191Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Genet, Groningen, Netherlands.
192Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst Harbor, Ctr Translat Genom & Populat Sci, Torrance, CA USA.
193Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA USA.
194Loyola Univ Chicago, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Maywood, IL 61053 USA.
195Dasman Diabet Inst, Res Div, Kuwait, Kuwait.
196Danube Univ Krems, Dept Neurosci & Prevent Med, Krems 3500, Austria.
197King Abdulaziz Univ, Saudi Diabet Res Grp, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
198Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
199Univ Laval, Sch Nutr, Laval, PQ, Canada.
200Univ Copenhagen, Dept Publ Hlth, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
201Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Healthy Aging, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
202UCL, MRC Unit Lifelong Hlth & Ageing, 33 Bedford Pl, London WC1B 5JU, England.
203Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Farmacolog & Biomol, Milan, Italy.
204IRCCS, Ctr Cardiolog Monzino, Milan, Italy.
205INSERM, U 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
206Azienda USL Toscana Ctr, Geriatr Unit, Florence, Italy.
207Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Lifelines Cohort Study, POB 30001, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands.
208Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Genet, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
209Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles BioMed Res Inst, Inst Translat Genom & Populat Sci, Torrance, CA 90502 USA.
210Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat Harbor, Torrance, CA 90502 USA.
211Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Biomed, Sassari, Italy.
212Sanipedia Srl, Bresso, Milano, Italy.
213Inst Biomed Technol Natl Ctr Res Segrate, Milan, Italy.
214Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden.
215Imperial Coll London, Dept Genom Common Dis, London, England.
216Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
217Univ Med Greifswald, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany.
218German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis DZNE, Rostock & Greifswald Site, Greifswald, Germany.
219Univ Southern Calif, Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
220Durrer Ctr Cardiogenet Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
221Interuniv Cardiol Inst Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands.
222Imperial Coll London, Hammersmith Hosp, Fac Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Hammersmith Campus, London, England.
223Synlab Serv GmbH, Synlab Acad, Mannheim, Germany.
224Med Univ Graz, Clin Inst Med, Graz, Austria.
225Med Univ Graz, Chem Lab Diagnost, Graz, Austria.
226Churchill Hosp, Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford Natl Inst Hlth Res NIHR, Oxford, England.
227Univ Liverpool, Dept Biostat, Liverpool L69 3GL, Merseyside, England.
228Univ Adelaide, Sch Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
229UMC Utrecht, Div Labs & Pharm, Lab Clin Chem & Hematol, Utrecht, Netherlands.
230Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
231Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
232Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
233Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
234Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol & Nucl Med, Kuopio, Finland.
235Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark.
236Univ Bristol, MRC Integrat Epidemiol Unit, Bristol, Avon, England.
237Erasmus MC, Dept Psychiat, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
238ICIN Netherlands Heart Inst, Durrer Ctr Cardiogenet Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
239Univ Exeter, Med Sch, Genet Complex Traits, RILD Bldg, Exeter EX2 5DW, Devon, England.
240Univ Exeter, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Med Sch, Truro TR1 3HD, England.
241Univ Exeter, Med Sch, Genet Complex Traits, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, England.
242Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England.
243Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Metab Sci, NIHR Cambridge Biomed Res Ctr, Box 289,Level 4, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, England.
244Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Metab Res Labs, Inst Metab Sci, Level 4,Box 289, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, England.
245King Abdulaziz Univ, PACER HD, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
246Harvard Med Sch, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
247Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
248Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
249Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
250St Georges Univ London, Div Populat Hlth Sci & Educ, London SW17 0RE, England.
251Netherlands Consortium Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genom Initiat, Leiden, Netherlands.
252Ctr Med Syst Biol, Leiden, Netherlands.
253Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford, England.
254Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
255Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA.
256Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
Format: article
Version: published version
Access: open
Online Access: PDF Full Text (PDF, 1.4 MB)
Persistent link: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe201706277489
Language: English
Published: Springer Nature, 2017
Publish Date: 2017-06-27
Description:

Abstract

Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.

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Series: Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
ISSN-E: 2041-1723
ISSN-L: 2041-1723
Volume: 8
Article number: 14977
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14977
OADOI: https://oadoi.org/10.1038/ncomms14977
Type of Publication: A1 Journal article – refereed
Field of Science: 3111 Biomedicine
Subjects:
Funding: Funding for this study was provided by the Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation; Academy of Finland (41071, 77299, 102318, 110413, 117787, 121584, 123885, 124243, 124282, 126925, 129378, 134309, 286284); Accare Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Action on Hearing Loss (G51); Agence Nationale de la 359 Recherche; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg; ALFEDIAM; ALK-Abelló A/S; Althingi; American Heart Association (13POST16500011); Amgen; Andrea and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies; Ardix Medical; Arthritis Research UK; Association Diabète Risque Vasculaire; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (241944, 339462, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389927, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 552485, 552498); Avera Institute; Bayer Diagnostics; Becton Dickinson; BHF (RG/14/5/30893); Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center (DK46200), Bristol-Myers Squibb; British Heart Foundation (RG/10/12/28456, RG2008/08, RG2008/014, SP/04/002); Medical Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes for Health Research (FRCN-CCT-83028); Cancer Research UK; Cardionics; Cavadis B.V., Center for Medical Systems Biology; Center of Excellence in Genomics; CFI; CIHR; City of Kuopio; CNAMTS; Cohortes Santé TGIR; Contrat de Projets État-Région; Croatian Science Foundation (8875); Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-1333-00124, DFF-1331-00730B); County Council of Dalarna; Dalarna University; Danish Council for Strategic Research; Danish Diabetes Academy; Danish Medical Research Council; Department of Health, UK; Development Fund from the University of Tartu (SP1GVARENG); Diabetes Hilfs- und Forschungsfonds Deutschland; Diabetes UK; Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation Fellowship; Donald W. Reynolds Foundation; Dr Robert Pfleger-Stiftung; Dutch Brain Foundation; Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation; Dutch Inter University Cardiology Institute; Dutch Kidney Foundation (E033); Dutch Ministry of Justice; the DynaHEALTH action No. 633595, Economic Structure Enhancing Fund of the Dutch Government; Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (2012_A147, P48/08//A11/08); Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam; Erasmus MC and Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Municipality of Rotterdam; Estonian Government (IUT20-60, IUT24-6); Estonian Research Roadmap through the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (3.2.0304.11-0312); European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant and 323195:SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENES-FP7-IDEAS-ERC); European Regional Development Fund; European Science Foundation (EU/QLRT-2001-01254); European Commission (018947, 018996, 201668, 223004, 230374, 279143, 284167, 305739, BBMRI-LPC-313010, HEALTH-2011.2.4.2-2-EU-MASCARA, HEALTH-2011-278913, HEALTH-2011-294713-EPLORE, HEALTH-F2-2008-201865-GEFOS, HEALTH-F2-2013-601456, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, HEALTH-F4-2007-201550-HYPERGENES, HEALTH-F7-305507 HOMAGE, IMI/115006, LSHG-CT-2006-018947, LSHG-CT-2006-01947, LSHM-CT-2004-005272, LSHM-CT-2006-037697, LSHM-CT-2007-037273, QLG1-CT-2002-00896, QLG2-CT-2002-01254); Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403, 01ZZ9603, 03IS2061A, 03ZIK012); Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Fédération Française de Cardiologie; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Finnish Diabetes Association; Finnish Foundation of Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Heart Association; Fondation Leducq; Food Standards Agency; Foundation for Strategic Research; French Ministry of Research; FRSQ; Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) of the Foundation for the NIH; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01ER1206, 01ER1507); GlaxoSmithKline; Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology; Göteborg Medical Society; Health and Safety Executive; Healthcare NHS Trust; Healthway; Western Australia; Heart Foundation of Northern Sweden; Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health; Hjartavernd; Ingrid Thurings Foundation; INSERM; InterOmics (PB05 MIUR-CNR); INTERREG IV Oberrhein Program (A28); Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN, 09.001); Italian Ministry of Health (ICS110.1/RF97.71); Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (FaReBio di Qualità); Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation; the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, the Netherlands; J.D.E. and Catherine T, MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health; Juho Vainio Foundation; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International; KfH Stiftung Präventivmedizin e.V.; King's College London; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds (X51001); La Fondation de France; Leenaards Foundation; Lilly; LMUinnovativ; Lundberg Foundation; Magnus Bergvall Foundation; MDEIE; Medical Research Council UK (G0000934, G0601966, G0700931, MC_U106179471, MC_UU_12019/1); MEKOS Laboratories; Merck Santé; Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, The Netherlands; Ministry of Cultural Affairs of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Netherlands; Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland (627;2004-2011); Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, The Netherlands; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport in the Republic of Croatia (108-1080315-0302); MRC centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology; MRC Human Genetics Unit; MRC-GlaxoSmithKline pilot programme (G0701863); MSD Stipend Diabetes; National Institute for Health Research; Netherlands Brain Foundation (F2013(1)-28); Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative (CVON2011-19); Netherlands Genomics Initiative (050-060-810); Netherlands Heart Foundation (2001 D 032, NHS2010B280); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) (56-464-14192, 60-60600-97-118, 100-001-004, 261-98-710, 400-05-717, 480-04-004, 480-05-003, 481-08-013, 904-61-090, 904-61-193, 911-11-025, 985-10-002, Addiction-31160008, BBMRI–NL 184.021.007, GB-MaGW 452-04-314, GB-MaGW 452-06-004, GB-MaGW 480-01-006, GB-MaGW 480-07-001, GB-MW 940-38-011, Middelgroot-911-09-032, NBIC/BioAssist/RK 2008.024, Spinozapremie 175.010.2003.005, 175.010.2007.006); Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; NHS Foundation Trust; National Institutes of Health (1RC2MH089951, 1Z01HG000024, 24152, 263MD9164, 263MD821336, 2R01LM010098, 32100-2, 32122, 32108, 5K99HL130580-02, AA07535, AA10248, AA11998, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AA14041, AA17688, AG13196, CA047988, DA12854, DK56350, DK063491, DK078150, DK091718, DK100383, DK078616, ES10126, HG004790, HHSN268200625226C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268201500001I, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, HHSN271201100004C, HL043851, HL45670, HL080467, HL085144, HL087660, HL054457, HL119443, HL118305, HL071981, HL034594, HL126024, HL130114, KL2TR001109, MH66206, MH081802, N01AG12100, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01C55018, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, N01HC95159, N01HC95160, N01HC95161, N01HC95162, N01HC95163, N01HC95164, N01HC95165, N01HC95166, N01HC95167, N01HC95168, N01HC95169, N01HG65403, N01WH22110, N02HL6‐4278, N01-HC-25195, P01CA33619, R01HD057194, R01HD057194, R01AG023629, R01CA63, R01D004215701A, R01DK075787, R01DK062370, R01DK072193, R01DK075787, R01DK089256, R01HL53353, R01HL59367, R01HL086694, R01HL087641, R01HL087652, R01HL103612, R01HL105756, R01HL117078, R01HL120393, R03 AG046389, R37CA54281, RC2AG036495, RC4AG039029, RPPG040710371, RR20649, TW008288, TW05596, U01AG009740, U01CA98758, U01CA136792, U01DK062418, U01HG004402, U01HG004802, U01HG007376, U01HL080295, UL1RR025005, UL1TR000040, UL1TR000124, UL1TR001079, 2T32HL007055-36, T32GM074905, HG002651, HL084729, N01-HC-25195, UM1CA182913); NIH, National Institute on Aging (Intramural funding, NO1-AG-1-2109); Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces; Novartis Pharma; Novo Nordisk; Novo Nordisk Foundation; Nutricia Research Foundation (2016-T1); ONIVINS; Parnassia Bavo group; Pierre Fabre; Province of Groningen; Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; Påhlssons Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Radboud Medical Center Nijmegen; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark; the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly; Research into Ageing; Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center; Roche; Royal Society; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (NWO-RFBR 047.017.043); Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository (NIMH U24 MH068457-06); Sanofi-Aventis; Scottish Government Health Directorates, Chief Scientist Office (CZD/16/6); Siemens Healthcare; Social Insurance Institution of Finland (4/26/2010); Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Société Francophone du 358 Diabète; State of Bavaria; Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor; Stockholm County Council (560183, 592229); Strategic Cardiovascular and Diabetes Programmes of Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council; Stroke Association; Swedish Diabetes Association; Swedish Diabetes Foundation (2013-024); Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20120197, 20150711); Swedish Research Council (0593, 8691, 2012-1397, 2012-1727, and 2012-2215); Swedish Society for Medical Research; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Swiss National Science Foundation (3100AO-116323/1, 31003A-143914, 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401, 51RTP0_151019); Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; Technology Foundation STW (11679); The Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen, Ministry of the Flemish Community (G.0880.13, G.0881.13); The Great Wine Estates of the Margaret River Region of Western Australia; Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs Foundation; Topcon; Tore Nilsson Foundation; Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg's Foundation; United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation (Grant 2011036), Umeå University; University Hospital of Regensburg; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Michigan; University of Utrecht; Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX) (b2011036); Velux Foundation; VU University’s Institute for Health and Care Research; Västra Götaland Foundation; Wellcome Trust (068545, 076113, 079895, 084723, 088869, WT064890, WT086596, WT098017, WT090532, WT098051, 098381); Wissenschaftsoffensive TMO; Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation; and Åke Wiberg Foundation.
EU Grant Number: (279143) EPI-MIGRANT - Identification of epigenetic markers underlying increased risk of T2D in South Asians
(633595) DYNAHEALTH - Understanding the dynamic determinants of glucose homeostasis and social capability to promote Healthy and active aging
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