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Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
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| Author: | Uusitalo, J.1,2; Arppe, L.1; Hackman, T.2; |
| Organizations: |
1Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland 3Natural Resources Institute Finland, Eteläranta 55, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland
4Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Politekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
5Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland 6Space Climate Research Unit and Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014 Oulu, Finland |
| Format: | article |
| Version: | published version |
| Access: | open |
| Online Access: | PDF Full Text (PDF, 1.2 MB) |
| Persistent link: | http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2018082834229 |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature,
2018
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| Publish Date: | 2018-08-28 |
| Description: |
AbstractRecently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (¹⁴C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the ¹⁴C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced ¹⁴C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual ¹⁴C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood ¹⁴C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. see all
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| Series: |
Nature communications |
| ISSN: | 2041-1723 |
| ISSN-E: | 2041-1723 |
| ISSN-L: | 2041-1723 |
| Volume: | 9 |
| Article number: | 3495 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 |
| OADOI: | https://oadoi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 |
| Type of Publication: |
A1 Journal article – refereed |
| Field of Science: |
115 Astronomy and space science |
| Subjects: | |
| Funding: |
The work has been supported by the Academy of Finland (grants 251287, 251441, 288083, 288267, 292788 and 272157/ReSoLVE Centre of Excellence). |
| Academy of Finland Grant Number: |
272157 |
| Detailed Information: |
272157 (Academy of Finland Funding decision) |
| Dataset Reference: |
Electronic supplementary material |
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https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-018-05883-1/MediaObjects/41467_2018_5883_MOESM1_ESM.pdf |
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| Copyright information: |
© The Author(s) 2018. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |