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V A Acciari, S Ansoldi, L A Antonelli, A Arbet Engels, D Baack, A Babić, B Banerjee, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, J Becerra González, W Bednarek, L Bellizzi, E Bernardini, A Berti, J Besenrieder, W Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, O Blanch, G Bonnoli, G Busetto, R Carosi, G Ceribella, Y Chai, S Cikota, S M Colak, U Colin, E Colombo, J L Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, V D’Elia, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, M Delfino, J Delgado, F Di Pierro, E Do Souto Espiñeira, A Domínguez, D Dominis Prester, D Dorner, M Doro, D Elsaesser, V Fallah Ramazani, A Fattorini, A Fernández-Barral, G Ferrara, D Fidalgo, L Foffano, M V Fonseca, L Font, C Fruck, D Galindo, S Gallozzi, R J García López, M Garczarczyk, S Gasparyan, M Gaug, N Godinović, D Green, D Guberman, D Hadasch, A Hahn, T Hassan, J Herrera, J Hoang, D Hrupec, S Inoue, K Ishio, Y Iwamura, H Kubo, J Kushida, A Lamastra, D Lelas, F Leone, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, M López, R López-Coto, A López-Oramas, B Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C Maggio, P Majumdar, M Makariev, M Mallamaci, G Maneva, M Manganaro, K Mannheim, L Maraschi, M Mariotti, M Martínez, S Masuda, D Mazin, S Mićanović, D Miceli, M Minev, J M Miranda, R Mirzoyan, E Molina, A Moralejo, D Morcuende, V Moreno, E Moretti, P Munar-Adrover, V Neustroev, A Niedzwiecki, M Nievas Rosillo, C Nigro, K Nilsson, D Ninci, K Nishijima, K Noda, L Nogués, M Nöthe, S Paiano, J Palacio, M Palatiello, D Paneque, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, P Peñil, M Peresano, M Persic, P G Prada Moroni, E Prandini, I Puljak, W Rhode, M Ribó, J Rico, C Righi, A Rugliancich, L Saha, N Sahakyan, T Saito, K Satalecka, T Schweizer, J Sitarek, I Šnidarić, D Sobczynska, A Somero, A Stamerra, D Strom, M Strzys, T Surić, F Tavecchio, P Temnikov, T Terzić, M Teshima, N Torres-Albà, S Tsujimoto, J van Scherpenberg, G Vanzo, M Vázquez Acosta, I Vovk, M Will, D Zarić, Measurement of the extragalactic background light using MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations of blazars up to z = 1, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 486, Issue 3, July 2019, Pages 4233–4251, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz943

Measurement of the extragalactic background light using MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations of blazars up to z = 1

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Author: Acciari, V. A.1,2; Ansoldi, S.3; Antonelli, L. A.4;
Engels, A. Arbet5; Baack, D.6; Babic, A.7,8,9,10,11; Banerjee, B.12; Barres de Almeida, U.13; Barrio, J. A.14; Gonzalez, J. Becerra1,2; Bednarek, W.15; Bellizzi, L.16,17; Bernardini, E.18,19; Berti, A.20,21; Besenrieder, J.22; Bhattacharyya, W.18; Bigongiari, C.4; Biland, A.5; Blanch, O.23; Bonnoli, G.16,17; Busetto, G.24,25; Carosi, R.26,27; Ceribella, G.22; Chai, Y.22; Cikota, S.7,8,9,10,11; Colak, M.23; Colin, U.22; Colombo, E.1,2; Contreras, J. L.14; Cortina, J.23; Covino, S.4; D'Elia, V.4; Da Vela, P.26,27; Dazzi, F.4; De Angelis, A.24,25; De Lotto, B.3; Delfino, M.23,28; Delgado, J.23,28; Di Pierro, F.20; Do Souto Espineira, E.23; Dominguez, A.14; Prester, D. Dominis7,8,9,10,11; Dorner, D.29; Doro, M.24,25; Elsaesser, D.6; Ramazani, V. Fallah30,31,32; Fattorini, A.6; Fernandez-Barral, A.24,25; Ferrara, G.4; Fidalgo, D.14; Foffano, L.24,25; Fonseca, M. V.14; Font, L.33; Fruck, C.18; Galindo, D.34; Gallozzi, S.4; Lopez, R. J. Garcia1,2; Garczarczyk, M.18; Gasparyan, S.35; Gaug, M.33; Godinovic, N.7,8,9,10,11; Green, D.22; Guberman, D.23; Hadasch, D.36,37,38,39; Hahn, A.22; Hassan, T.1,23; Herrera, J.1,2; Hoang, J.14; Hrupec, D.7,8,9,10,11; Inoue, S.36,37,38,39; Ishio, K.22; Iwamura, Y.36,37,38,39; Kubo, H.36,37,38,39; Kushida, J.36,37,38,39; Lamastra, A.4; Lelas, D.7,8,9,10,11; Leone, F.4; Lindfors, E.30,31,32; Lombardi, S.4; Longo, F.3,21; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Lopez-Oramas, A.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.33; Majumdar, P.12; Makariev, M.40; Mallamaci, M.24,25; Maneva, G.40; Manganaro, M.7,8,9,10,11; Mannheim, K.29; Maraschi, L.4; Mariotti, M.; Martinez, M.23; Masuda, S.36,37,38,39; Mazin, D.22; Micanovic, S.7,8,9,10,11; Miceli, D.3; Minev, M.40; Miranda, J. M.16,17; Mirzoyan, R.22; Molina, E.34; Moralejo, A.23; Morcuende, D.14; Moreno, V.36,37,38,39; Moretti, E.23; Munar-Adrover, P.33; Neustroev, V.30,31,32; Niedzwiecki, A.15; Rosillo, M. Nievas1,14,18; Nigro, C.18; Nilsson, K.30,31,32; Ninci, D.23; Nishijima, K.36,37,38,39; Noda, K.36,37,38,39; Nogues, L.23; Nothe, M.6; Paiano, S.24,25; Palacio, J.23; Palatiello, M.3; Paneque, D.22; Paoletti, R.16,17; Paredes, J. M.34; Penil, P.14; Peresano, M.3; Persic, M.3,41; Moroni, P. G. Prada26,27; Prandini, E.24,25; Puljak, I.7,8,9,10,11; Rhode, W.6; Ribo, M.34; Rico, J.23; Righi, C.4; Rugliancich, A.26,27; Saha, L.14; Sahakyan, N.35; Saito, T.36,37,38,39; Satalecka, K.18; Schweizer, T.22; Sitarek, J.15; Snidaric, I.7,8,9,10,11; Sobczynska, D.15; Somero, A.1,2; Stamerra, A.4; Strom, D.22; Strzys, M.22; Suric, T.7,8,9,10,11; Tavecchio, F.4; Temnikov, P.40; Terzic, T.7,8,9,10,11; Teshima, M.22; Torres-Alba, N.34; Tsujimoto, S.36,37,38,39; van Scherpenberg, J.22; Vanzo, G.1,2; Acosta, M. Vazquez1,2; Vovk, I.22; Will, M.22; Zaric, D.7,8,9,10,11
Organizations: 1Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain.
2Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain.
3Univ Udine, INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
4Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy.
5Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
6Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
7Univ Rijeka, Dept Phys, Croatian Consortium, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
8Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia.
9Univ Zagreb, FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
10Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
11Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
12HBNI, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF Bidhannagar,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, India.
13Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
14Univ Complutense, Unidad Particulas & Cosmol UPARCOS, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
15Univ Lodz, Dept Astrophys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland.
16Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
17INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
18Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
19Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
20INFN, I-00044 Rome, Italy.
21Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
22Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany.
23BIST, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
24Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
25INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
26Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
27INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
28PIC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
29Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
30Univ Turku, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
31Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
32Univ Oulu, Astron Div, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
33Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, CERES IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
34Univ Barcelona, ICCUB, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
35NAS RA, ICRANet Armenia, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.
36Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Chiba 2778582, Japan.
37Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
38Tokai Univ, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan.
39RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
40Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria.
41Univ Bologna, Dept Phys & Astron, INAR Trieste, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
Format: article
Version: published version
Access: open
Online Access: PDF Full Text (PDF, 1.6 MB)
Persistent link: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019090426619
Language: English
Published: Oxford University Press, 2019
Publish Date: 2019-09-04
Description:

Abstract

We present a measurement of the extragalactic background light (EBL) based on a joint likelihood analysis of 32 gamma-ray spectra for 12 blazars in the redshift range z = 0.03–0.944, obtained by the MAGIC telescopes and Fermi-LAT. The EBL is the part of the diffuse extragalactic radiation spanning the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands. Major contributors to the EBL are the light emitted by stars through the history of the Universe, and the fraction of it that was absorbed by dust in galaxies and re-emitted at longer wavelengths. The EBL can be studied indirectly through its effect on very high energy photons that are emitted by cosmic sources and absorbed via γγ interactions during their propagation across cosmological distances. We obtain estimates of the EBL density in good agreement with state-of-the-art models of the EBL production and evolution. The 1σ upper bounds, including systematic uncertainties, are between 13 per cent and 23 per cent above the nominal EBL density in the models. No anomaly in the expected transparency of the Universe to gamma-rays is observed in any range of optical depth. We also perform a wavelength-resolved EBL determination, which results in a hint of an excess of EBL in the 0.18–0.62 μm range relative to the studied models, yet compatible with them within systematics.

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Series: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
ISSN: 0035-8711
ISSN-E: 1365-8711
ISSN-L: 0035-8711
Volume: 486
Issue: 3
Pages: 4233 - 4251
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz943
OADOI: https://oadoi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz943
Type of Publication: A1 Journal article – refereed
Field of Science: 115 Astronomy and space science
Subjects:
galaxies: active
gamma-rays: galaxies
infrared: diffuse background
infrared: galaxies
Article
Funding: The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT and the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia ‘Severo Ochoa’ SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’ MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centres SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. The work of the author M. Nievas Rosillo is financed with grant FPU13/00618 of MECD. A. Domínguez thanks the support of the Ramón y Cajal program from the Spanish MINECO. The work of the author M. Vázquez Acosta is financed with grant RYC-2013-14660 of MINECO.
Copyright information: This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.