Alphapartitiviruses of <em>Heterobasidion</em> wood decay fungi affect each other’s transmission and host growth
Kashif, Muhammad; Jurvansuu, Jaana; Vainio, Eeva J.; Hantula, Jarkko (2019-03-26)
Kashif M, Jurvansuu J, Vainio EJ and Hantula J (2019) Alphapartitiviruses of Heterobasidion Wood Decay Fungi Affect Each Other’s Transmission and Host Growth. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 9:64. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00064
© 2019 Kashif, Jurvansuu, Vainio and Hantula. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019100731436
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Abstract
Heterobasidion spp. root rot fungi are highly destructive forest pathogens of the northern boreal forests, and are known to host a diverse community of partitiviruses. The transmission of these mycoviruses occurs horizontally among host strains via mycelial anastomoses. We revealed using dual cultures that virus transmission rates are affected by pre-existing virus infections among two strains of H. annosum. The transmission efficacy of mycovirus HetPV15-pa1 to a pre-infected host was elevated from zero to 50% by the presence of HetPV13-an1, and a double infection of these viruses in the donor resulted in an overall transmission rate of 90% to a partitivirus-free recipient. On contrary, pre-existing virus infections of two closely related strains of HetPV11 hindered each other’s transmission, but had unexpectedly dissimilar effects on the transmission of more distantly related viruses. The co-infection of HetPV13-an1 and HetPV15-pa1 significantly reduced host growth, whereas double infections including HetPV11 strains had variable effects. Moreover, the results showed that RdRp transcripts are generally more abundant than capsid protein (CP) transcripts and the four different virus strains express unique transcripts ratios of RdRp and CP. Taken together, the results show that the interplay between co-infecting viruses and their host is extremely complex and highly unpredictable.
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