Abstract

We demonstrate a high-pressure, high-temperature sintering technique to form nitrogen-vacancy-nitrogen centres in nanodiamonds. Polycrystalline diamond nanoparticle precursors, with mean size of 25 nm, are produced by the shock wave from an explosion. These nanoparticles are sintered in the presence of ethanol, at a pressure of 7 GPa and temperature of 1300 °C, to produce substantially larger (3–4 times) diamond crystallites. The recorded spectral properties demonstrate the improved crystalline quality. The types of defects present are also observed to change; the characteristic spectral features of nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centres present for the precursor material disappear. Two new characteristic features appear: (1) paramagnetic substitutional nitrogen (P1 centres with spin ½) with an electron paramagnetic resonance characteristic triplet hyperfine structure due to the I = 1 magnetic moment of the nitrogen nuclear spin and (2) the green spectral photoluminescence signature of the nitrogen-vacancy-nitrogen centres. This production method is a strong alternative to conventional high-energy particle beam irradiation. It can be used to easily produce purely green fluorescing nanodiamonds with advantageous properties for optical biolabelling applications.