Pandemic programming : how COVID-19 affects software developers and how their organizations can help
Ralph, Paul; Baltes, Sebastian; Adisaputri, Gianisa; Torkar, Richard; Kovalenko, Vladimir; Kalinowski, Marcos; Novielli, Nicole; Yoo, Shin; Devroey, Xavier; Tan, Xin; Zhou, Minghui; Turhan, Burak; Hoda, Rashina; Hata, Hideaki; Robles, Gregorio; Fard, Amin Milani; Alkadhi, Rana (2020-09-14)
Ralph, P., Baltes, S., Adisaputri, G. et al. Pandemic programming. Empir Software Eng 25, 4927–4961 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe202102195391
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Abstract
Context: As a novel coronavirus swept the world in early 2020, thousands of software developers began working from home. Many did so on short notice, under difficult and stressful conditions.
Objective: This study investigates the effects of the pandemic on developers’ wellbeing and productivity.
Method: A questionnaire survey was created mainly from existing, validated scales and translated into 12 languages. The data was analyzed using non-parametric inferential statistics and structural equation modeling.
Results: The questionnaire received 2225 usable responses from 53 countries. Factor analysis supported the validity of the scales and the structural model achieved a good fit (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.067). Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers’ wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Exploratory analysis suggests that: (1) women, parents and people with disabilities may be disproportionately affected; (2) different people need different kinds of support.
Conclusions: To improve employee productivity, software companies should focus on maximizing employee wellbeing and improving the ergonomics of employees’ home offices. Women, parents and disabled persons may require extra support.
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