Is climacterium by the mid-40s associated with thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity? : a population-based study
Savukoski, Susanna M.; Niinimäki, Maarit J.; Pesonen, Paula RO.; Auvinen, Juha P.; Männistö, Tuija; Puukka, Katri S.; Ebeling, Tapani; Suvanto, Eila TJ. (2021-09-30)
Savukoski, S., Niinimäki, M., Pesonen, P., Auvinen, J., Männistö, T., Puukka, K., Ebeling, T., Suvanto, E. (2021) Is climacterium by the mid-40s associated with thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity? A population-based study. Menopause, 28 (9), 1053-1059. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001800
© 2021 The North American Menopause Society. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001800.
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021111755752
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Objective: We investigated whether more advanced climacteric stage in the mid-40s is associated with thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction.
Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 2,569 46-year-old women. Thyroid hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were determined. Using menstrual history and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, the participants were divided into climacteric (n = 340) and preclimacteric (n = 2,229) groups. Women diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency (menopause by 40 y of age) were excluded. The use of thyroid medication was evaluated from the medication reimbursement register. The prevalence of thyroid medication use, laboratory-based thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was compared between the two groups. The association between climacteric status and thyroid disorders was investigated using a logistic regression model including smoking and thyroid antibody status.
Results: At 46 years old, climacteric women used thyroid medication more often than preclimacteric women (9.1% vs 6.1%; P = 0.04). There was no difference in the prevalence of subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in nonmedicated participants (5.5% vs 5.0%; P = 0.7) or thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity (14.0% vs 15.0%, P = 0.7). In the regression model, being climacteric (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.3; P = 0.02) and antibody positivity (OR 4.9; 95% CI 3.6–6.6; P < 0.001) were associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.
Conclusions: More advanced climacteric stage in the mid-40s was slightly associated with thyroid dysfunction but not thyroid autoimmunity.
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