Abstract

We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.

JUNO Collaboration

Abusleme, Angel¹, Adam, Thomas², Ahmad, Shakeel³, Ahmed, Rizwan³, Aiello, Sebastiano^{4, 5}, Akram, Muhammad³, An, Fengpeng⁶, An, Guangpeng⁷, An, Qi⁸, Andronico, Giuseppe^{4, 5}, Anfimov, Nikolay⁹, Antonelli, Vito^{10, 11}, Antoshkina, Tatiana⁹, Asavapibhop, Burin¹², Athayde Marcondes de Andre, Joao Pedro², Auguste, Didier¹³, Babic, Andrej¹⁴, Baldini, Wander^{15, 16}, Barresi, Andrea^{17, 18}, Baussan, Eric², Bellato, Marco¹⁹, Bergnoli, Antonio¹⁹, Bernieri, Enrico^{20, 21}, Birkenfeld, Thilo²², Blin, Sylvie¹³, Blum, David²³, Blyth, Simon²⁴, Bolshakova, Anastasia⁹, Bongrand, Mathieu²⁵, Bordereau, Clement^{24, 26}, Breton, Dominique¹³, Brigatti, Augusto^{10, 11}, Brugnera, Riccardo^{19, 27}, Bruno, Riccardo^{4, 5}, Budano, Antonio^{20, 21}, Buscemi, Mario^{4, 5}, Busto, Jose²⁸, Butorov, Ilya⁹, Cabrera, Anatael¹³, Cai, Hao²⁹, Cai, Xiao⁷, Cai, Yanke⁷, Cai, Zhiyan⁷, Cammi, Antonio^{17, 30}, Campeny, Agustin¹, Cao, Chuanya⁷, Cao, Guofu⁷, Cao, Jun⁷, Caruso, Rossella^{4, 5}, Cerna, Cedric²⁶, Chang, Jinfan⁷, Chang, Yun³¹, Chen, Pingping³², Chen, Po-An²⁴, Chen, Shaomin³³, Chen, Shenjian³⁴, Chen, Xurong³⁵, Chen, Yi-Wen³⁶, Chen, Yixue³⁷, Chen, Yu³⁸, Chen, Zhang⁷, Cheng, Jie⁷, Cheng, Yaping³⁹, Chiesa, Davide^{17, 18}, Chimenti, Pietro⁴⁰, Chukanov, Artem⁹, Chuvashova, Anna⁹, Claverie, Gerard²⁶, Clementi, Catia^{41, 42}, Clerbaux, Barbara⁴³, Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti¹³, Corti, Daniele¹⁹, Costa, Salvatore^{4, 5}, Dal Corso, Flavio¹⁹, Dalager, Olivia⁴⁴, De la Taille, Christophe¹³, Deng, Jiawei²⁹, Deng, Zhi³³, Deng, Ziyan⁷, Depnering, Wilfried⁴⁵, Diaz, Marco¹, Ding, Xuefeng^{10, 11}, Ding, Yayun⁷, Dirgantara, Bayu⁴⁶, Dmitrievsky, Sergey⁹, Dohnal, Tadeas⁴⁷, Donchenko, Georgy⁴⁸, Dong, Jianmeng³³, Dornic, Damien²⁸, Doroshkevich, Evgeny⁴⁹, Dracos, Marcos², Druillole, Frederic⁴⁷, Du, Shuxian⁵⁰, Dusini, Stefano¹⁹, Dvorak, Martin⁴⁷, Enqvist, Timo⁵¹, Enzmann, Heike⁴⁵, Fabbri, Andrea^{20, 21}, Fajt, Lukas¹⁴, Fan, Donghua⁵², Fan, Lei⁷, Fang, Can⁵³, Fang, Jian⁷, Fargetta, Marco^{4, 5}, Fatkina, Anna⁹, Fedoseev, Dmitry⁹, Fekete, Vladko¹⁴, Feng, Li-Cheng³⁶, Feng, Qichun⁵⁴, Ford, Richard^{10, 11}, Formozov, Andrey^{10, 11}, Fournier, Amelie²⁶, Gan, Haonan⁵⁵, Gao, Feng²², Garfagnini, Alberto^{19, 27}, Goettel, Alexandre^{22, 56}, Genster, Christoph⁵⁶, Giammarchi, Marco^{10, 11}, Giaz, Agnese^{19, 27}, Giudice, Nunzio^{4, 5}, Giuliani, Franco⁵⁷, Gonchar, Maxim⁹, Gong, Guanghua³³, Gong, Hui³³, Gorchakov, Oleg⁹, Gornushkin, Yuri⁹, Grassi, Marco^{19, 27}, Grewing, Christian⁵⁸, Gromov, Vasily⁹, Gu, Minghao⁷, Gu, Xiaofei⁵⁰, Gu, Yu⁵⁹, Guan, Mengyun⁷, Guardone, Nunzio^{4, 5}, Gul, Maria³, Guo, Cong⁷, Guo, Jingyuan³⁸, Guo, Wanlei⁷, Guo, Xinheng⁶⁰, Guo, Yuhang^{61, 56}, Hackspacher, Paul⁴⁵, Hagner, Caren⁶², Han, Ran³⁹, Han, Yang¹³, Hassan, Muhammad³, He, Miao⁷, He, Wei⁷, Heinz, Tobias²³, Hellmuth, Patrick²⁶, Heng, Yuekun⁷, Herrera, Rafael¹, Hong, Daojin⁵³, Hor, YuenKeung³⁸, Hou, Shaojing⁷, Hsiung, Yee²⁴, Hu, Bei-Zhen²⁴, Hu, Hang³⁸, Hu, Jianrun⁷, Hu, Jun⁷, Hu, Shouyang⁶³, Hu, Tao⁷, Hu, Zhuojun³⁸, Huang, Chunhao³⁸, Huang, Guihong⁷, Huang, Hanxiong⁶³, Huang, Qinhua², Huang, Wenhao⁶⁴, Huang, Xingtao⁶⁴, Huang, Yongbo⁵³, Hui, Jiaqi⁵⁷, Huo, Lei⁵⁴, Huo, Wenju⁸, Huss, Cedric²⁶, Hussain, Safeer³, Insolia, Antonio^{4, 5}, Ioannisian, Ara⁶⁵, Isocrate, Roberto¹⁹, Jelmini, Beatrice^{19, 27}, Jen, Kuo-Lun³⁶, Ji, Xiaolu⁷, Ji, Xingzhao³⁸, Jia, Huihui⁶⁶, Jia, Junji²⁹, Jian, Siyu⁶³, Jiang, Di⁸, Jiang, Xiaoshan⁷, Jin, Ruyi⁷, Jing, Xiaoping⁷, Jollet, Cecile²⁶, Joutsenvaara, Jari⁵¹, Jungthawan, Sirichok⁴⁶, Kalousis, Leonidas², Kampmann, Philipp^{22, 56}, Kang, Li³², Karagounis, Michael⁵⁸, Kazarian, Narine⁶⁵, Khan, Amir³⁸, Khan, Waseem⁶¹, Khosonthongkee, Khanchai⁴⁶, Kinz, Patrick³⁶, Korablev, Denis⁹, Kouzakov, Konstantin⁴⁸, Krasnoperov, Alexey⁹, Krokhaleva, Svetlana⁴⁹, Krumshteyn, Zinovy⁹, Kruth, Andre⁵⁸, Kutovskiy, Nikolay⁹, Kuusiniemi, Pasi⁵¹, Lachenmaier, Tobias²³, Landini, Cecilia^{10, 11}, Leblanc, Sebastien²⁶, Lebrin, Victor²⁵, Lefevre, Frederic²⁵, Lei, Ruiting³², Leitner, Rupert⁴⁷, Leung, Jason³⁶, Li, Demin⁵⁰, Li, Fei⁷, Li, Fule³³, Li, Haitao³⁸, Li, Huiling⁷, Li, Jiaqi³⁸, Li, Jin⁷, Li, Kaijie³⁸, Li, Mengzhao⁷, Li, Nan^{7, 67}, Li, Nan^{7, 67}, Li, Qingjiang⁶⁷, Li, Ruhui⁷, Li, Shanfeng³², Li, Shuaijie³⁸, Li, Tao³⁸, Li, Weidong⁷, Li, Weiguo⁷, Li, Xiaomei⁶³, Li, Xiaonan⁷, Li, Xinglong⁶³, Li, Yi³², Li, Yufeng⁷, Li, Zhibing³⁸, Li, Ziyuan³⁸, Liang, Hao⁸, Liang, Jingjing⁵³, Liebau, Daniel⁵⁸, Limphirat, Ayut⁴⁶, Limpijumnong, Sukit⁴⁶, Lin, Guey-Lin³⁶, Lin, Shengxin³², Lin, Tao⁷, Ling, Jiajie³⁸, Lippi, Ivano¹⁹, Liu, Fang³⁷, Liu, Haidong⁵⁰, Liu, Hongbang⁵³, Liu, Hongjuan⁶⁸, Liu, Hongtao³⁸, Liu, Hu^{59, 38}, Liu, Hui⁵⁹, Liu, Jianglai^{57, 69}, Liu, Jinchang⁷, Liu, Min⁶⁸, Liu, Qian⁷⁰, Liu, Qin⁸, Liu, Runxuan^{22, 56}, Liu, Shuangyu⁷, Liu, Shubin⁸, Liu, Shulin⁷, Liu, Xiaowei³⁸, Liu, Yan⁷, Lokhov, Alexey⁴⁸, Lombardi, Paolo^{10, 11}, Lombardo, Claudio^{4, 5, 71, 72}, Loo, Kai⁴⁵, Lu, Chuan⁵⁵, Lu, Haoqi⁷, Lu, Jingbin⁷³, Lu, Junguang⁷, Lu, Shuxiang⁵⁰, Lu, Xiaoxu⁷, Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto⁴⁹, Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim⁴⁹, Ludhova, Livia^{22, 56}, Luo, Fengjiao⁷, Luo, Guang³⁸, Luo, Pengwei³⁸, Luo, Shu⁷⁴, Luo, Wuming⁷, Lyashuk, Vladimir⁴⁹, Ma, Qiumei⁷, Ma, Si⁷, Ma, Xiaoyan⁷, Ma, Xubo³⁷, Maalmi, Jihane¹³, Malyshkin, Yury⁹, Mantovani, Fabio^{15, 16}, Manzali, Francesco^{19, 27}, Mao, Xin³⁹, Mao, Yajun⁷⁵, Mari, Stefano M.^{20, 21}, Marini, Filippo^{19, 27}, Marium, Sadia³, Martellini, Cristina^{20, 21}, Martin-Chassard, Gisele¹³, Martini, Agnese⁷⁶, Mayilyan, Davit⁶⁵, Mueller, Axel²³, Mednieks, Ints⁷⁷, Meng, Yue⁵⁷, Meregaglia, Anselmo²⁶, Meroni, Emanuela^{10, 11}, Meyhoefer, David⁶², Mezzetto, Mauro¹⁹, Miller, Jonathan⁷⁸, Miramonti, Lino^{10, 11}, Monforte, Salvatore^{4, 5}, Montini, Paolo^{20, 21}, Montuschi, Michele^{15, 16}, Morozov, Nikolay⁹, Muhammad, Waqas³, Muralidharan, Pavithra⁵⁸, Nastasi, Massimiliano^{17, 18}, Naumov, Dmitry V.⁹, Naumova, Elena⁹, Navas-Nicolas, Diana¹³, Nemchenok, Igor⁹, Ning, Feipeng⁷, Ning, Zhe⁷, Nunokawa, Hiroshi⁷⁹, Oberauer, Lothar⁸⁰, Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro^{1, 44}, Olshevskiy, Alexander⁹, Orestano, Domizia^{20, 21}, Ortica, Fausto^{41, 42}, Pan, Hsiao-Ru²⁴, Paoloni, Alessandro⁷⁶, Parkalian, Nina⁵⁸, Parmeggiano, Sergio^{10, 11}, Payupol, Teerapat¹², Pei, Yatian⁷, Pelliccia, Nicomede^{41, 42}, Peng, Anguo⁶⁸, Peng, Haiping⁸, Perrot, Frederic²⁶, Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre⁴³, Petrucci, Fabrizio^{20, 21}, Pineres Rico, Luis Felipe², Pilarczyk, Oliver⁴⁵, Popov, Artyom⁴⁸, Poussot, Pascal², Pratumwan, Wathan⁴⁶, Previtali, Ezio^{17, 18}, Qi, Fazhi⁷, Qi, Ming³⁴, Qian, Sen⁷, Qian, Xiaohui⁷, Qiao, Hao⁷⁵, Qin, Zhonghua⁷, Qiu, Shoukang⁶⁸, Rajput, Muhammad³, Ranucci, Gioacchino^{10, 11}, Raper, Neill³⁸, Re, Alessandra^{10, 11}, Rebber, Henning⁶², Rebii, Abdel²⁶, Ren, Bin⁶⁰, Ren, Jie⁶³, Rezinko, Taras⁹, Ricci, Barbara^{15, 16}, Robens, Markus⁵⁸, Roche, Mathieu²⁶, Rodphai, Narongkiat¹², Romani, Aldo^{41, 42}, Roskovec, Bedrich⁴⁴, Roth, Christian⁵⁸, Ruan, Xiangdong⁵³, Ruan, Xichao⁶³, Rujirawat, Saroj⁴⁶, Rybnikov, Arseniy⁹, Sadovsky, Andrey⁹, Saggese, Paolo^{10, 11}, Salamanna, Giuseppe^{20, 21}, Sanfilippo, Simone^{20, 21}, Sangka, Anut⁸¹, Sanguansak, Nuanwan⁴⁶, Sawangwit, Utane⁸¹, Sawatzki, Julia⁸⁰, Sawy, Fatma^{19, 27}, Schever, Michaela^{22, 56}, Schuler, Jacky², Schwab, Cedric², Schweizer, Konstantin⁸⁰, Selivanov, Dmitry⁹, Selyunin, Alexandr⁹, Serafini, Andrea^{15, 16}, Settanta, Giulio⁵⁶, Settimo, Mariangela²⁵, Shao, Zhuang⁶¹, Sharov, Vladislav⁹, Shi, Jingyan⁷, Shutov, Vitaly⁹, Sidorenkov, Andrey⁴⁹, Simkovic, Fedor⁴⁶, Sirignano, Chiara^{19, 27}, Siripak, Jaruchit⁴⁶, Sisti, Monica^{17, 18}, Slupecki, Maciej⁵¹, Smirnov, Mikhail³⁸, Smirnov, Oleg⁹, Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago²⁵, Songwadhana, Julanan⁴⁶, Soonthornthum, Boonrucksar⁸¹, Sotnikov, Albert⁹, Sramek, Ondrej⁴⁷, Sreethawong, Warintorn⁴⁶, Stahl, Achim²², Stanco, Luca¹⁹, Stankevich, Konstantin⁴⁸, Stefanik, Dusan¹⁴, Steiger, Hans⁸⁰, Steinmann, Jochen²², Sterr, Tobias²³, Stock, Matthias Raphael⁸⁰, Strati, Virginia^{15, 16}, Studenikin, Alexander⁴⁸, Sun, Gongxing⁷, Sun, Shifeng³⁷, Sun, Xilei⁷, Sun, Yongjie⁸, Sun, Yongzhao⁷, Suwonjandee, Narumon¹², Szelezniak, Michal², Tang, Jian³⁸, Tang, Qiang³⁸, Tang, Quan⁶⁸, Tang, Xiao⁷, Tietzsch, Alexander²³, Tkachev, Igor⁴⁹, Tmej, Tomas⁴⁷, Treskov, Konstantin⁹, Triossi, Andrea², Troni, Giancarlo¹, Trzaska, Wladyslaw⁵¹, Tuve, Cristina^{4, 5}, van Waasen, Stefan⁵⁸, van den Boom, Johannes⁵⁸, Vanroyen, Guillaume²⁵, Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos⁷, Vedin, Vadim⁷⁷, Verde, Giuseppe^{4, 5}, Vialkov, Maxim⁴⁸, Viaud, Benoit²⁵, Volpe, Cristina¹³, Vorobel, Vit⁴⁷, Votano, Lucia⁷⁶, Walker, Pablo¹, Wang, Caishen³², Wang, Chung-Hsiang³¹, Wang, En⁵⁰, Wang, Guoli⁵⁴, Wang, Jian⁸, Wang, Jun³⁸, Wang, Kunyu⁷, Wang, Lu⁷, Wang, Meifen⁷, Wang, Meng^{68, 64}, Wang, Meng^{68, 64}, Wang, Ruiguang⁷, Wang, Siguang⁷⁵, Wang, Wei³⁴, Wang, Wenshuai⁷, Wang, Xi^{67, 38}, Wang, Xiangyue³⁸, Wang, Yangfu⁷, Wang, Yaoguang²⁹, Wang, Yi^{7, 33, 52}, Wang, Yifang⁷, Wang, Yuanqing³³, Wang, Yuman³⁴, Wang, Zhe^{7, 33}, Wang, Zheng⁷, Wang, Zhimin⁷, Wang, Zongyi³³, Watcharangkool, Apimook⁸¹, Wei, Lianghong⁷, Wei, Wei⁷, Wei, Yadong³², Wen, Liangjian⁷, Wiebusch, Christopher²², Wong, Steven Chan-Fai³⁸, Wonsak, Bjoern⁶², Wu, Diru⁷, Wu, Fangliang³⁴, Wu, Qun⁶⁴, Wu, Wenjie²⁹, Wu, Zhi⁷, Wurm, Michael⁴⁵, Wurtz, Jacques², Wysotzki, Christian²², Xi, Yufei⁵⁵, Xia, Dongmei⁸², Xiao, Mengjiao⁶⁷, Xie, Yuguang⁷, Xie, Zhangquan⁷, Xing, Zhizhong⁶⁰, Xu, Benda³³, Xu, Cheng⁶⁸, Xu, Donglian^{57, 69}, Xu, Fanrong⁵⁹, Xu, Jilei⁷, Xu, Jing⁶⁰, Xu, Meihang⁷, Xu, Yin⁶⁶, Xu, Yu^{22, 56}, Yan, Baojun⁷, Yan, Xiongbo⁷, Yan, Yupeng⁴⁶, Yang, Anbo⁷, Yang, Changgen⁷, Yang, Huan⁷, Yang, Jie⁵⁰, Yang, Lei³², Yang, Xiaoyu⁷, Yang, Yifan⁴³, Yao, Haifeng⁷, Yasin, Zafar³, Ye, Jiaxuan⁷, Ye, Mei⁷, Ye, Ziping⁶⁹, Yegin, Ugur⁵⁸, Yermia, Frederic²⁵, Yi, Peihuai⁷, Yin, Xiangwei⁷, You, Zhengyun³⁸, Yu, Boxiang⁷, Yu, Chiye³², Yu, Chunxu⁶⁶, Yu, Hongzhao³⁸, Yu, Miao²⁹, Yu, Xianghui⁶⁶, Yu, Zeyuan⁷, Yuan, Chengzhuo⁷, Yuan, Ying⁷⁵, Yuan, Zhenxiong³³, Yuan, Ziyi²⁹, Yue, Baobiao³⁸, Zafar, Noman³, Zambanini, Andre⁵⁸, Zeng, Shan⁷, Zeng, Tingxuan⁷, Zeng, Yuda³⁸, Zhan, Liang⁷, Zhang, Feiyang⁵⁷, Zhang, Guoqing⁷, Zhang, Haiqiong⁷, Zhang, Honghao³⁸, Zhang, Jiawen⁷, Zhang, Jie⁷, Zhang, Jingbo⁵⁴, Zhang, Peng⁷, Zhang, Qingmin⁵⁵, Zhang, Shiqi³⁸, Zhang, Shu³⁸, Zhang, Tao⁵⁷, Zhang, Xiaomei⁷, Zhang, Xuantong⁷, Zhang, Yan⁷, Zhang, Yinhong⁷, Zhang, Yiyu⁷, Zhang, Yongpeng⁷, Zhang, Yuanyuan⁵⁷, Zhang, Yumei³⁸, Zhang, Zhenyu²⁹, Zhang, Zhijian³², Zhao, Fengyi³⁵, Zhao, Jie⁷, Zhao, Rong³⁸, Zhao, Shujun⁵⁰, Zhao, Tianchi⁷, Zheng, Dongqin⁵⁹, Zheng, Hua³², Zheng, Minshan⁶³, Zheng, Yangheng⁷⁰, Zhong, Weirong⁵⁹, Zhou, Jing⁶³, Zhou, Li⁷, Zhou, Nan⁸, Zhou, Shun⁷, Zhou, Xiang²⁹, Zhu, Jiang³⁸, Zhu, Kejun⁷, Zhuang, Honglin⁷, Zong, Liang³³, Zou, Jiaheng⁷

¹Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile., ²Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France., ³Pakistan Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Islamabad, Pakistan., ⁴Univ Catania, INFN Catania, Catania, Italy., ⁵Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania, Italy., ⁶East China Univ Sci & Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China., ⁷Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁸Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China., ⁹Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia., ¹⁰Univ Milan, INFN Sez Milano, Milan, Italy., ¹¹Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy., ¹²Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bangkok, Thailand., ¹³Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France., ¹⁴Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia., ¹⁵Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Ferrara, Italy., ¹⁶INFN Sez Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy., ¹⁷INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy., ¹⁸Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy., ¹⁹INFN Sez Padova, Padua, Italy., ²⁰Univ Roma Tre, Rome, Italy., ²¹INFN Sez Roma Tre, Rome, Italy., ²²Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 3, Aachen, Germany., ²³Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phys Inst, Tubingen, Germany., ²⁴Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan., ²⁵Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS,IN2P3, Nantes, France., ²⁶Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France., ²⁷Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy., ²⁸Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France., ²⁹Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China., ³⁰Politecn Milan, Milan, Italy., ³¹Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan., ³²Dongguan Univ Technol, Dongguan, Peoples R China., ³³Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China., ³⁴Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China., ³⁵Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China., ³⁶Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan., ³⁷North China Elect Power Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China., ³⁸Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples R China., ³⁹Beijing Inst Spacecraft Environm Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁴⁰Univ Estadual Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil., ⁴¹INFN Sez Perugia, Perugia, Italy., ⁴²Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim Biol & Biotecnol, Perugia, Italy., ⁴³Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium., ⁴⁴Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA., ⁴⁵Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Mainz, Germany., ⁴⁶Suranaree Univ Technol, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand., ⁴⁷Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic., ⁴⁸Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia., ⁴⁹Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia., ⁵⁰Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China., ⁵¹Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, Finland., ⁵²Wuyi Univ, Jiangmen, Peoples R China., ⁵³Guangxi Univ, Nanning, Peoples R China., ⁵⁴Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China., ⁵⁵Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Peoples R China., ⁵⁶Forschungszentrum Julich, Nucl Phys Inst IKP 2, Julich, Germany., ⁵⁷Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Shanghai, Peoples R China., ⁵⁸Forschungszentrum Julich, Cent Inst Engn Elect & Analyt Elect Syst ZEA 2, Julich, Germany., ⁵⁹Jinan Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples R China., ⁶⁰Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁶¹Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian, Peoples R China., ⁶²Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany., ⁶³China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁶⁴Shandong Univ, Jinan, Peoples R China., ⁶⁵Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia., ⁶⁶Nankai Univ, Tianjin, Peoples R China., ⁶⁷Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Elect Sci & Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China., ⁶⁸Univ South China, Radiochem & Nucl Chem Grp, Hengyang, Peoples R China., ⁶⁹Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China., ⁷⁰Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁷¹INFN Catania, Catania, Italy., ⁷²Ctr Siciliano Fis Nucl & Struttura Mat, Catania, Italy., ⁷³Jilin Univ, Changchun, Peoples R China., ⁷⁴Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Peoples R China., ⁷⁵Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁷⁶Lab Nazl Frascati INFN, Rome, Italy., ⁷⁷Inst Elect & Comp Sci, Riga, Latvia., ⁷⁸Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile., ⁷⁹Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil., ⁸⁰Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany., ⁸¹Natl Astron Res Inst Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand., ⁸²Chongqing Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China.