Abstract

The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of 10⁻¹⁶ g/g of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th requires a large (∼20m³) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup.

JUNO Collaboration

Abusleme, Angel¹, Adam, Thomas², Ahmad, Shakeel³, Ahmed, Rizwan³, Aiello, Sebastiano^{4, 5}, Akram, Muhammad³, An, Fengpeng⁶, An, Guangpeng⁷, An, Qi⁸, Andronico, Giuseppe^{4, 5}, Anfimov, Nikolay⁹, Antonelli, Vito^{10, 11}, Antoshkina, Tatiana⁹, Asavapibhop, Burin¹², de Andre, Joao Pedro Athayde Marcondes², Auguste, Didier¹³, Babic, Andrej¹⁴, Baldini, Wander^{15, 16}, Barresi, Andrea^{17, 18}, Basilico, Davide^{10, 11}, Baussan, Eric², Bellato, Marco¹⁹, Bergnoli, Antonio¹⁹, Birkenfeld, Thilo²⁰, Blin, Sylvie¹³, Blum, David²¹, Blyth, Simon²², Bolshakova, Anastasia⁹, Bongrand, Mathieu²³, Bordereau, Clement^{22, 24}, Breton, Dominique¹³, Brigatti, Augusto^{10, 11}, Brugnera, Riccardo^{19, 25}, Bruno, Riccardo^{4, 5}, Budano, Antonio^{26, 27}, Buscemi, Mario^{4, 5}, Busto, Jose²⁸, Butorov, Ilya⁹, Cabrera, Anatael¹³, Cai, Hao²⁹, Cai, Xiao⁷, Cai, Yanke⁷, Cai, Zhiyan⁷, Cammi, Antonio^{17, 30}, Campeny, Agustin¹, Cao, Chuanya⁷, Cao, Guofu⁷, Cao, Jun⁷, Caruso, Rossella^{4, 5}, Cerna, Cedric²⁴, Chang, Jinfan⁷, Chang, Yun³¹, Chen, Ping-ping³², Chen, Po-An²², Chen, Shaomin³³, Chen, Xurong³⁴, Chen, Yi-Wen³⁵, Chen, Yixue³⁶, Chen, Yu³⁷, Chen, Zhang⁷, Cheng, Jie⁷, Cheng, Yaping³⁸, Chetverikov, Alexey⁹, Chiesa, Davide^{17, 18}, Chimenti, Pietro³⁹, Chukanov, Artem⁹, Claverie, Gerard²⁴, Clementi, Catia^{40, 41}, Clerbaux, Barbara⁴², Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti¹³, Corti, Daniele¹⁹, Costa, Salvatore^{4, 5}, Dal Corso, Flavio¹⁹, Dalager, Olivia⁴³, De La Taille, Christophe¹³, Deng, Jiawei²⁹, Deng, Zhi³³, Deng, Ziyan⁷, Depnering, Wilfried^{44, 45}, Diaz, Marco¹, Ding, Xuefeng^{10, 11}, Ding, Yayun⁷, Dirgantara, Bayu⁴⁶, Dmitrievsky, Sergey⁹, Dohnal, Tadeas⁴⁷, Dolzhikov, Dmitry⁹, Donchenko, Georgy⁴⁸, Dong, Jianmeng³³, Doroshkevich, Evgeny⁴⁹, Dracos, Marcos², Druillole, Frederic²⁴, Du, Shuxian⁵⁰, Dusini, Stefano¹⁹, Dvorak, Martin⁴⁷, Enqvist, Timo⁵¹, Enzmann, Heike^{44, 45}, Fabbri, Andrea^{26, 27}, Fajt, Lukas¹⁴, Fan, Donghua⁵², Fan, Lei⁷, Fang, Can⁵³, Fang, Jian⁷, Fang, Wenxing⁷, Fargetta, Marco^{4, 5}, Fedoseev, Dmitry⁹, Fekete, Vladko¹⁴, Feng, Li-Cheng³⁵, Feng, Qichun⁵⁴, Ford, Richard^{10, 11}, Formozov, Andrey^{10, 11}, Fournier, Amelie²⁴, Gan, Haonan⁵⁵, Gao, Feng²⁰, Garfagnini, Alberto^{19, 25}, Genster, Christoph⁵⁶, Giammarchi, Marco^{10, 11}, Giaz, Agnese^{19, 25}, Giudice, Nunzio^{4, 5}, Gonchar, Maxim⁹, Gong, Guanghua³³, Gong, Hui³³, Gornushkin, Yuri⁹, Gottel, Alexandre^{20, 56}, Grassi, Marco^{19, 25}, Grewing, Christian⁵⁷, Gromov, Vasily⁹, Gu, Minghao⁷, Gu, Xiaofei⁵⁰, Gu, Yu⁵⁸, Guan, Mengyun⁷, Guardone, Nunzio^{4, 5}, Gul, Maria³, Guo, Cong⁷, Guo, Jingyuan³⁷, Guo, Wanlei⁷, Guo, Xinheng⁵⁹, Guo, Yuhang^{60, 56}, Hackspacher, Paul^{44, 45}, Hagner, Caren⁶¹, Han, Ran³⁸, Han, Yang¹³, Hassan, Muhammad Sohaib³, He, Miao⁷, He, Wei⁷, Heinz, Tobias²¹, Hellmuth, Patrick²⁴, Heng, Yuekun⁷, Herrera, Rafael¹, Hong, Daojin⁵³, Hor, YuenKeung³⁷, Hou, Shao-jing⁷, Hsiung, Yee²², Hu, Bei-Zhen²², Hu, Hang³⁷, Hu, Jianrun⁷, Hu, Jun⁷, Hu, Shouyang⁶², Hu, Tao⁷, Hu, Zhuojun³⁷, Huang, Chunhao³⁷, Huang, Guihong⁷, Huang, Hanxiong⁶², Huang, Wenhao^{63, 64}, Huang, Xin^{7, 63, 64}, Huang, Xingtao^{63, 64}, Huang, Yongbo⁵³, Hui, Jiaqi⁶⁵, Huo, Lei⁵⁴, Huo, Wenju⁸, Huss, Cedric²⁴, Hussain, Safeer³, Ioannisian, Ara⁶⁶, Isocrate, Roberto¹⁹, Jelmini, Beatrice^{19, 25}, Jen, Kuo-Lun³⁵, Jeria, Ignacio¹, Ji, Xiaolu⁷, Ji, Xingzhao³⁷, Jia, Huihui⁶⁷, Jia, Junji²⁹, Jian, Siyu⁶², Jiang, Di⁸, Jiang, Xiaoshan⁷, Jin, Ruyi⁷, Jing, Xiaoping⁷, Jollet, Cecile²⁴, Joutsenvaara, Jari⁵¹, Jungthawan, Sirichok⁴⁶, Kalousis, Leonidas², Kampmann, Philipp⁵⁶, Kang, Li³², Karagounis, Michael⁵⁷, Kazarian, Narine⁶⁶, Khan, Waseem⁶⁰, Khosonthongkee, Khanchai⁴⁶, Korablev, Denis⁹, Kouzakov, Konstantin⁴⁸, Krasnoperov, Alexey⁹, Kruth, Andre⁵⁷, Kutovskiy, Nikolay⁹, Kuusiniemi, Pasi⁵¹, Lachenmaier, Tobias²¹, Landini, Cecilia^{10, 11}, Leblanc, Sebastien²⁴, Lebrin, Victor²³, Lefevre, Frederic²³, Lei, Ruiting³², Leitner, Rupert⁴⁷, Leung, Jason³⁵, Li, Demin⁵⁰, Li, Fei⁷, Li, Fule³³, Li, Haitao³⁷, Li, Huiling⁷, Li, Jiaqi³⁷, Li, Mengzhao⁷, Li, Min³⁶, Li, Nan^{7, 68}, Li, Nan^{7, 68}, Li, Qingjiang⁶⁸, Li, Ruhui⁷, Li, Shanfeng³², Li, Tao³⁷, Li, Weidong^{7, 69}, Li, Weiguo⁷, Li, Xiaomei⁶², Li, Xiaonan⁷, Li, Xing-long⁶², Li, Yi³², Li, Yufeng⁷, Li, Zhaohan⁷, Li, Zhibing³⁷, Li, Ziyuan³⁷, Liang, Hao^{62, 8}, Liang, Hao^{62, 8}, Liang, Jingjing⁵³, Liao, Jiajun³⁷, Liebau, Daniel⁵⁷, Limphirat, Ayut⁴⁶, Limpijumnong, Sukit⁴⁶, Lin, Guey-Lin³⁵, Lin, Shengxin³², Lin, Tao⁷, Ling, Jiajie³⁷, Lippi, Ivano¹⁹, Liu, Fang³⁶, Liu, Haidong⁵⁰, Liu, Hongbang⁵³, Liu, Hongjuan⁷⁰, Liu, Hongtao³⁷, Liu, Hui⁵⁸, Liu, Jianglai^{65, 71}, Liu, Jinchang⁷, Liu, Min⁷⁰, Liu, Qian⁶⁹, Liu, Qin⁸, Liu, Runxuan^{20, 56}, Liu, Shuangyu⁷, Liu, Shubin⁸, Liu, Shulin⁷, Liu, Xiaowei³⁷, Liu, Xiwen⁵³, Liu, Yan⁷, Liu, Yunzhe⁷, Lokhov, Alexey^{49, 48}, Lombardi, Paolo^{10, 11}, Lombardo, Claudio^{4, 5}, Loo, Kai^{44, 45}, Lu, Chuan⁵⁵, Lu, Haoqi⁷, Lu, Jingbin⁷², Lu, Junguang⁷, Lu, Shuxiang⁵⁰, Lu, Xiaoxu⁷, Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto⁴⁹, Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim⁴⁹, Ludhova, Livia^{20, 56}, Luo, Fengjiao⁷, Luo, Guang³⁷, Luo, Pengwei³⁷, Luo, Shu⁷³, Luo, Wuming⁷, Lyashuk, Vladimir⁴⁹, Ma, Bangzheng^{63, 64}, Ma, Qiumei⁷, Ma, Si⁷, Ma, Xiaoyan⁷, Ma, Xubo³⁶, Maalmi, Jihane¹³, Malyshkin, Yury⁹, Mantovani, Fabio^{15, 16}, Manzali, Francesco^{19, 25}, Mao, Xin³⁸, Mao, Yajun⁷⁴, Mari, Stefano M.^{26, 27}, Marini, Filippo^{19, 25}, Marium, Sadia³, Martellini, Cristina^{26, 27}, Martin-Chassard, Gisele¹³, Martini, Agnese⁷⁵, Mayilyan, Davit⁶⁶, Mednieks, Ints⁷⁶, Meng, Yue⁶⁵, Meregaglia, Anselmo²⁴, Meroni, Emanuela^{10, 11}, Meyhofer, David⁶¹, Mezzetto, Mauro¹⁹, Miller, Jonathan⁷⁷, Miramonti, Lino^{10, 11}, Montini, Paolo^{26, 27}, Montuschi, Michele^{15, 16}, Muller, Axel²¹, Muralidharan, Pavithra⁵⁷, Nastasi, Massimiliano^{17, 18}, Naumov, Dmitry, V⁹, Naumova, Elena⁹, Navas-Nicolas, Diana¹³, Nemchenok, Igor⁹, Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi³⁵, Ning, Feipeng⁷, Ning, Zhe⁷, Nunokawa, Hiroshi⁷⁸, Oberauer, Lothar⁷⁹, Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro^{1, 43}, Olshevskiy, Alexander⁹, Orestano, Domizia^{26, 27}, Ortica, Fausto^{40, 41}, Othegraven, Rainer^{44, 45}, Pan, Hsiao-Ru²², Paoloni, Alessandro⁷⁵, Parkalian, Nina⁵⁷, Parmeggiano, Sergio^{10, 11}, Pei, Yatian⁷, Pelliccia, Nicomede^{40, 41}, Peng, Anguo⁷⁰, Peng, Haiping⁸, Perrot, Frederic²⁴, Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre⁴², Petrucci, Fabrizio^{26, 27}, Pilarczyk, Oliver^{44, 45}, Rico, Luis Felipe Pineres², Popov, Artyom⁴⁸, Poussot, Pascal², Pratumwan, Wathan⁴⁶, Previtali, Ezio^{17, 18}, Qi, Fazhi⁷, Qi, Ming⁸⁰, Qian, Sen⁷, Qian, Xiaohui⁷, Qian, Zhen³⁷, Qiao, Hao⁷⁴, Qin, Zhonghua⁷, Qiu, Shoukang⁷⁰, Rajput, Muhammad Usman³, Ranucci, Gioacchino^{10, 11}, Raper, Neill³⁷, Re, Alessandra^{10, 11}, Rebber, Henning⁶¹, Rebii, Abdel²⁴, Ren, Bin³², Ren, Jie⁶², Ricci, Barbara^{15, 16}, Robens, Markus⁵⁷, Roche, Mathieu²⁴, Rodphai, Narongkiat¹², Romani, Aldo^{40, 41}, Roth, Christian⁵⁷, Ruan, Xiangdong⁵³, Ruan, Xichao⁶², Rujirawat, Saroj⁴⁶, Rybnikov, Arseniy⁹, Sadovsky, Andrey⁹, Saggese, Paolo^{10, 11}, Sanfilippo, Simone^{26, 27}, Sangka, Anut⁸¹, Sanguansak, Nuanwan⁴⁶, Sawangwit, Utane⁸¹, Sawatzki, Julia⁷⁹, Sawy, Fatma^{19, 25}, Schever, Michaela^{20, 56}, Schwab, Cedric², Schweizer, Konstantin⁷⁹, Selyunin, Alexandr⁹, Serafini, Andrea^{15, 16}, Settanta, Giulio⁵⁶, Settimo, Mariangela²³, Shao, Zhuang⁶⁰, Sharov, Vladislav⁹, Shaydurova, Arina⁹, Shi, Jingyan⁷, Shi, Yanan⁷, Shutov, Vitaly⁹, Sidorenkov, Andrey⁴⁹, Simkovic, Fedor¹⁴, Sirignano, Chiara^{19, 25}, Siripak, Jaruchit⁴⁶, Sisti, Monica^{17, 18}, Slupecki, Maciej⁵¹, Smirnov, Mikhail³⁷, Smirnov, Oleg⁹, Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago²³, Sokolov, Sergey⁹, Songwadhana, Julanan⁴⁶, Soonthornthum, Boon-rucksar⁸¹, Sotnikov, Albert⁹, Sramek, Ondrej⁴⁷, Sreethawong, Warintorn⁴⁶, Stahl, Achim²⁰, Stanco, Luca¹⁹, Stankevich, Konstantin⁴⁸, Stefanik, DuSan¹⁴, Steiger, Hans^{44, 45, 79}, Steinmann, Jochen²⁰, Sterr, Tobias²¹, Stock, Matthias Raphael⁷⁹, Strati, Virginia^{15, 16}, Studenikin, Alexander⁴⁸, Sun, Gongxing⁷, Sun, Shifeng³⁶, Sun, Xilei⁷, Sun, Yongjie⁸, Sun, Yongzhao⁷, Suwonjandee, Narumon¹², Szelezniak, Michal², Tang, Jian³⁷, Tang, Qiang³⁷, Tang, Quan⁷⁰, Tang, Xiao⁷, Tietzsch, Alexander²¹, Tkachev, Igor⁴⁹, Tmej, Tomas⁴⁷, Treskov, Konstantin⁹, Triossi, Andrea², Troni, Giancarlo¹, Trzaska, Wladyslaw⁵¹, Tuve, Cristina^{4, 5}, Ushakov, Nikita⁴⁹, van den Boom, Johannes⁵⁷, van Waasen, Stefan⁵⁷, Vanroyen, Guillaume²³, Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos⁷, Vedin, Vadim⁷⁶, Verde, Giuseppe^{4, 5}, Vialkov, Maxim⁴⁸, Viaud, Benoit²³, Vollbrecht, Cornelius^{20, 56}, Volpe, Cristina¹³, Vorobel, Vit⁴⁷, Voronin, Dmitriy⁴⁹, Votano, Lucia⁷⁵, Walker, Pablo¹, Wang, Caishen³², Wang, Chung-Hsiang³¹, Wang, En⁵⁰, Wang, Guoli⁵⁴, Wang, Jian⁸, Wang, Jun³⁷, Wang, Kunyu⁷, Wang, Lu⁷, Wang, Meifen⁷, Wang, Meng^{70, 63, 64}, Wang, Meng^{70, 63, 64}, Wang, Ruiguang⁷, Wang, Siguang⁷⁴, Wang, Wei^{37, 80}, Wang, Wei^{37, 80}, Wang, Wenshuai⁷, Wang, Xi^{68, 37}, Wang, Xiangyue³⁷, Wang, Yangfu⁷, Wang, Yaoguang⁷, Wang, Yi^{7, 33, 52}, Wang, Yi^{7, 33, 52}, Wang, Yifang⁷, Wang, Yuanqing³³, Wang, Yuman⁸⁰, Wang, Zhe^{7, 33}, Wang, Zheng⁷, Wang, Zhimin⁷, Wang, Zongyi³³, Waqas, Muhammad³, Watcharangkool, Apimook⁸¹, Wei, Lianghong⁷, Wei, Wei⁷, Wei, Wenlu⁷, Wei, Yadong³², Wen, Liangjian⁷, Wiebusch, Christopher²⁰, Wong, Steven Chan-Fai³⁷, Wonsak, Bjoern⁶¹, Wu, Diru⁷, Wu, Fangliang⁸⁰, Wu, Qun^{63, 64}, Wu, Zhi⁷, Wurm, Michael^{44, 45}, Wurtz, Jacques², Wysotzki, Christian²⁰, Xi, Yufei⁵⁵, Xia, Dongmei⁸², Xie, Yuguang⁷, Xie, Zhangquan⁷, Xing, Zhizhong⁷, Xu, Benda³³, Xu, Cheng⁷⁰, Xu, Donglian^{65, 71}, Xu, Fanrong⁵⁸, Xu, Hangkun⁷, Xu, Jilei⁷, Xu, Jing⁵⁹, Xu, Meihang⁷, Xu, Yin⁶⁷, Xu, Yu^{20, 56}, Yan, Baojun⁷, Yan, Taylor⁴⁶, Yan, Wenqi⁷, Yan, Xiongbo⁷, Yan, Yupeng⁴⁶, Yang, Anbo⁷, Yang, Changgen⁷, Yang, Huan⁷, Yang, Jie⁵⁰, Yang, Lei³², Yang, Xiaoyu⁷, Yang, Yifan^{42, 7}, Yang, Yifan^{42, 7}, Yao, Haifeng⁷, Yasin, Zafar³, Ye, Jiaxuan⁷, Ye, Mei⁷, Ye, Ziping⁷¹, Yegin, Ugur⁵⁷, Yermia, Frederic²³, Yi, Peihuai⁷, Yin, Na^{63, 64}, Yin, Xiangwei⁷, You, Zhengyun³⁷, Yu, Boxiang⁷, Yu, Chiye³², Yu, Chunxu⁶⁷, Yu, Hongzhao³⁷, Yu, Miao²⁹, Yu, Xianghui⁶⁷, Yu, Zeyuan⁷, Yu, Zezhong⁷, Yuan, Chengzhuo⁷, Yuan, Ying⁷⁴, Yuan, Zhenxiong³³, Yuan, Ziyi²⁹, Yue, Baobiao³⁷, Zafar, Noman³, Zambanini, Andre⁵⁷, Zavadskyi, Vitalii⁹, Zeng, Shan⁷, Zeng, Tingxuan⁷, Zeng, Yuda³⁷, Zhan, Liang⁷, Zhang, Aiqiang³³, Zhang, Feiyang⁶⁵, Zhang, Guoqing⁷, Zhang, Haiqiong⁷, Zhang, Honghao³⁷, Zhang, Jiawen⁷, Zhang, Jie⁷, Zhang, Jingbo⁵⁴, Zhang, Jinnan⁷, Zhang, Peng⁷, Zhang, Qingmin⁶⁰, Zhang, Shiqi³⁷, Zhang, Shu³⁷, Zhang, Tao⁶⁵, Zhang, Xiaomei⁷, Zhang, Xuantong⁷, Zhang, Xueyao^{63, 64}, Zhang, Yan⁷, Zhang, Yinhong⁷, Zhang, Yiyu⁷, Zhang, Yongpeng⁷, Zhang, Yuanyuan⁶⁵, Zhang, Yumei³⁷, Zhang, Zhenyu²⁹, Zhang, Zhijian³², Zhao, Fengyi³⁴, Zhao, Jie⁷, Zhao, Rong³⁷, Zhao, Shujun⁵⁰, Zhao, Tianchi⁷, Zheng, Dongqin⁵⁸, Zheng, Hua³², Zheng, Minshan⁶², Zheng, Yangheng⁶⁹, Zhong, Weirong⁵⁸, Zhou, Jing⁶², Zhou, Li⁷, Zhou, Nan⁸, Zhou, Shun⁷, Zhou, Tong⁷, Zhou, Xiang²⁹, Zhu, Jiang³⁷, Zhu, Kangpu⁶⁰, Zhu, Kejun⁷, Zhu, Zhihang⁷, Zhuang, Bo⁷, Zhuang, Honglin⁷, Zong, Liang³³, Zou, Jiaheng⁷

¹Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile., ²Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, CNRS IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France., ³Pakistan Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Islamabad, Pakistan., ⁴INFN Catania, Catania, Italy., ⁵Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania, Italy., ⁶East China Univ Sci & Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China., ⁷Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁸Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China., ⁹Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia., ¹⁰Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy., ¹¹Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy., ¹²Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok, Thailand., ¹³Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France., ¹⁴Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia., ¹⁵Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Ferrara, Italy., ¹⁶Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy., ¹⁷INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy., ¹⁸Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy., ¹⁹Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy., ²⁰Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 3, Aachen, Germany., ²¹Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phys Inst, Tubingen, Germany., ²²Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan., ²³Univ Nantes, IMT Atlantique, SUBATECH, CNRS IN2P3, Nantes, France., ²⁴Univ Bordeaux, CENBG, CNRS, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France., ²⁵Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy., ²⁶Univ Roma Tre, Rome, Italy., ²⁷Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tre, Rome, Italy., ²⁸Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France., ²⁹Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China., ³⁰Politecn Milan, Milan, Italy., ³¹Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan., ³²Dongguan Univ Technol, Dongguan, Peoples R China., ³³Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China., ³⁴Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China., ³⁵Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan., ³⁶North China Elect Power Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China., ³⁷Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples R China., ³⁸Beijing Inst Spacecraft Environm Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China., ³⁹Univ Estadual Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil., ⁴⁰Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, Perugia, Italy., ⁴¹Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim Biol & Biotecnol, Perugia, Italy., ⁴²Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium., ⁴³Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA., ⁴⁴Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Mainz, Germany., ⁴⁵Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Excellence Cluster PRISMA, Mainz, Germany., ⁴⁶Suranaree Univ Technol, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand., ⁴⁷Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic., ⁴⁸Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia., ⁴⁹Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia., ⁵⁰Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China., ⁵¹Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, Finland., ⁵²Wuyi Univ, Jiangmen, Peoples R China., ⁵³Guangxi Univ, Nanning, Peoples R China., ⁵⁴Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China., ⁵⁵Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China., ⁵⁶Forschungszentrum Julich, Nucl Phys Inst IKP 2, Julich, Germany., ⁵⁷Forschungszentrum Julich, Cent Inst Engn Elect & Analyt Elect Syst ZEA 2, Julich, Germany., ⁵⁸Jinan Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples R China., ⁵⁹Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁶⁰Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian, Peoples R China., ⁶¹Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany., ⁶²China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁶³Shandong Univ, Jinan, Peoples R China., ⁶⁴Shandong Univ, Key Lab Particle Phys & Particle Irradiat, Minist Educ, Qingdao, Peoples R China., ⁶⁵Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Shanghai, Peoples R China., ⁶⁶Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia., ⁶⁷Nankai Univ, Tianjin, Peoples R China., ⁶⁸Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Elect Sci & Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China., ⁶⁹Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁷⁰Univ South China, Radiochem & Nucl Chem Grp, Hengyang, Peoples R China., ⁷¹Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China., ⁷²Jilin Univ, Changchun, Peoples R China., ⁷³Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Peoples R China., ⁷⁴Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China., ⁷⁵Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Rome, Italy., ⁷⁶Inst Elect & Comp Sci, Riga, Latvia., ⁷⁷Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile., ⁷⁸Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil., ⁷⁹Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany., ⁸⁰Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China., ⁸¹Natl Astron Res Inst Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand., ⁸²Chongqing Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China.