Topographic wetness index as a proxy for soil moisture : the importance of flow-routing algorithm and grid resolution
Riihimäki, H.; Kemppinen, J.; Kopecký, M.; Luoto, M. (2021-10-11)
Riihimäki, H., Kemppinen, J., Kopecký, M., & Luoto, M. (2021). Topographic Wetness Index as a proxy for soil moisture: The importance of flow-routing algorithm and grid resolution. Water Resources Research, 57, e2021WR029871. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029871
© 2021. American Geophysical Union.
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021120258574
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) is a commonly used proxy for soil moisture. The predictive capability of TWI is influenced by the flow-routing algorithm and the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that TWI is derived from. Here, we examine the predictive capability of TWI using 11 flow-routing algorithms at DEM resolutions 1–30 m. We analyze the relationship between TWI and field-quantified soil moisture using statistical modeling methods and 5,200 study plots with over 46 000 soil moisture measurements. In addition, we test the sensitivity of the flow-routing algorithms against vertical height errors in DEM at different resolutions. The results reveal that the overall predictive capability of TWI was modest. The highest r² (23.7%) was reached using a multiple-flow-direction algorithm at 2 m resolution. In addition, the test of sensitivity against height errors revealed that the multiple-flow-direction algorithms were also more robust against DEM errors than single-flow-direction algorithms. The results provide field-evidence indicating that at its best TWI is a modest proxy for soil moisture and its predictive capability is influenced by the flow-routing algorithm and DEM resolution. Thus, we encourage careful evaluation of algorithms and resolutions when using TWI as a proxy for soil moisture.
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