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Germline variants and breast cancer survival in patients with distant metastases at primary breast cancer diagnosis |
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| Author: | Escala-Garcia, Maria1; Canisius, Sander1,2; Keeman, Renske1; |
| Organizations: |
1Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hosp, Div Mol Pathol, Netherlands Canc Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hosp, Div Mol Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Canc Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 3Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Genet Epidemiol Res Inst, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
4German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany.
5Lund Univ, Dept Canc Epidemiol, Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden. 6Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Med Biometry & Epidemiol, Hamburg, Germany. 7Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nuremberg FAU, Univ Hosp Erlangen, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Comprehens Canc Ctr Erlangen EMN, Erlangen, Germany. 8German Canc Res Ctr, Div Canc Epidemiol, Heidelberg, Germany. 9Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Genet, Ufa Fed Res Ctr, Ufa, Russia. 10Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen Gen Populat Study, Herlev, Denmark. 11Gentofte Univ Hosp, Herlev, Denmark. 12Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Herlev, Denmark. 13Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. 14Univ Cambridge, Ctr Canc Genet Epidemiol, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. 15German Canc Res Ctr, Div Prevent Oncol, Heidelberg, Germany. 16Natl Ctr Tumor Dis NCT, Heidelberg, Germany. 17German Canc Consortium DKTK, German Canc Res Ctr DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany. 18German Canc Res Ctr, Genom Epidemiol Grp, Heidelberg, Germany. 19Xerencia Xest Integrada Vigo SERGAS, Oncol & Genet Unit, Inst Invest Sanitaria Galicia Sur IISGS, Vigo, Spain. 20Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Univ Canc Ctr Hamburg UCCH, Canc Epidemiol Grp, Hamburg, Germany. 21NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 22Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. 23Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. 24Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. 25Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Leiden, Netherlands. 26Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. 27Hannover Med Sch, Gynaecol Res Unit, Hannover, Germany. 28Univ Cambridge, Ctr Canc Genet Epidemiol, Dept Oncol, Cambridge, England. 29Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nuremberg FAU, Univ Hosp Erlangen, Comprehens Canc Ctr Erlangen EMN, Inst Human Genet, Erlangen, Germany. 30Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 31Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 32Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. 33Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 34Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Breast Surg, Herlev, Denmark. 35Complejo Hosp Univ Santiago, Inst Invest Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela IDIS, SERGAS, Fdn Publ Galega Med Xenom, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. 36Univ Calif San Diego, Moores Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 37Hosp Clin San Carlos, Med Oncol Dept, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Canc CIBERONC, Inst Invest Sanitaria San Carlos IdISS, Madrid, Spain. 38Akershus Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol, Lorenskog, Norway. 39Canc Council Victoria, Canc Epidemiol Div, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. 40Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Ctr Epidemiol & Biostat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. 41Monash Univ, Sch Clin Sci Monash Hlth, Precis Med, Clayton, Vic, Australia. 42Univ Oulu, Oulu Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Oulu, Finland. 43German Canc Res Ctr, Mol Epidemiol Grp, C080, Heidelberg, Germany. 44Heidelberg Univ, Univ Womens Clin Heidelberg, Mol Biol Breast Canc, Heidelberg, Germany. 45German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Diabet Res Inst, Neuherberg, Germany. 46Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Ctr Familial Breast & Ovarian Canc, Cologne, Germany. 47Univ Cologne, Univ Hosp Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 48Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Ctr Integrated Oncol CIO, Cologne, Germany. 49Univ Southern Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. 50Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden. 51Ssdersjukhuset, Dept Oncol, Stockholm, Sweden. 52German Canc Res Ctr, Mol Genet Breast Canc, Heidelberg, Germany. 53Univ Eastern Finland, Translat Canc Res Area, Kuopio, Finland. 54Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Clin Med Pathol & Forens Med, Kuopio, Finland. 55Erasmus MC Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 56Dr Margarete Fischer Bosch Inst Clin Pharmacol, Stuttgart, Germany. 57Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. 58Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England. 59Montpellier Univ, Inst Canc Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 60Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Genet & Pathol, Szczecin, Poland. 61Pomeranian Med Univ, Independent Lab Mol Biol & Genet Diagnost, Szczecin, Poland. 62Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Oncol,Stanford Canc Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 63Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 64Bashkir State Univ, Dept Genet & Fundamental Med, Ufa, Russia. 65Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Program Genet Epidemiol & Stat Genet, Boston, MA USA. 66Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Oslo, Norway. 67Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 68VIB Ctr Canc Biol, Leuven, Belgium. 69Univ Leuven, Dept Human Genet, Lab Translat Genet, Leuven, Belgium. 70Univ Hawaii, Ctr Canc, Program Epidemiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 71Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden. 72Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Stockholm, Sweden. 73Moorfields Eye Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, London, England. 74UCL Inst Ophthalmol, London, England. 75Univ Cambridge, Med Res Council MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. 76Kuopio Univ Hosp, Biobank Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 77Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci & Educ, Ssdersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. 78Univ Hosp Heraklion, Dept Med Oncol, Iraklion, Greece. 79Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Helsinki, Finland. 80Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. 81Univ N Carolina, UNC Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. 82Amer Canc Soc, Dept Populat Sci, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. 83IFOM FIRC Inst Mol Oncol, Genome Diagnost Program, Milan, Italy. 84Univ Hosp Leuven, Leuven Canc Inst, Dept Gen Med Oncol, Leuven, Belgium. 85Univ Hosp Leuven, Leuven Canc Inst, Multidisciplinary Breast Ctr, Leuven, Belgium. 86Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori INT, Dept Res, Unit Mol Bases Genet Risk & Genet Testing, Milan, Italy. 87Carmel Hosp, Haifa, Israel. 88Technion Fac Med, Clalit Natl Canc Control Ctr, Haifa, Israel. 89Hosp Univ Puerta Hierro, Med Oncol Dept, Madrid, Spain. 90UCLH Fdn Trust, Dept Oncol, London, England. 91Staedt Klinikum Karlsruhe, Inst Pathol, Karlsruhe, Germany. 92Univ Hosp Larissa, Dept Oncol, Larisa, Greece. 93Kings Coll London, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Canc & Pharmaceut Sci, Guys Campus, London, England. 94Univ Cologne, Ctr Mol Med Cologne CMMC, Fac Med, Cologne, Germany. 95Inst Canc Res, Div Genet & Epidemiol, London, England. 96Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. 97Univ Melbourne, Dept Clin Pathol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. 98Inst Canc Res, Div Breast Canc Res, London, England. 99Weill Cornell Med, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. 100Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ctr Rech Cancerol Lyon, Plateforme Bioinformat Gilles Thomas, Fdn Synergie Lyon Canc, Lyon, France. 101Univ Birmingham, Inst Canc & Genom Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. 102Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. 103Univ Oxford, Oxford NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford, England. 104Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, MN USA. 105Univ Oulu, Canc & Translat Med Res Unit, Lab Canc Genet & Tumor Biol, Bioctr Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 106Northern Finland Lab Ctr Oulu, Lab Canc Genet & Tumor Biol, Oulu, Finland. 107Uppsala Univ, Dept Surg Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. 108Cyprus Inst Neurol & Genet, Biostat Unit, Nicosia, Cyprus. 109Cyprus Inst Neurol & Genet, Cyprus Sch Mol Med, Nicosia, Cyprus. 110QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Dept Genet & Computat Biol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. 111Ctr Leon Berard, Dept Cancerol Med, Lyon, France. 112Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hosp, Div Psychosocial Res & Epidemiol, Netherlands Canc Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. |
| Format: | article |
| Version: | published version |
| Access: | open |
| Online Access: | PDF Full Text (PDF, 1.1 MB) |
| Persistent link: | http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2022033026090 |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature,
2021
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| Publish Date: | 2022-03-30 |
| Description: |
AbstractBreast cancer metastasis accounts for most of the deaths from breast cancer. Identification of germline variants associated with survival in aggressive types of breast cancer may inform understanding of breast cancer progression and assist treatment. In this analysis, we studied the associations between germline variants and breast cancer survival for patients with distant metastases at primary breast cancer diagnosis. We used data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) including 1062 women of European ancestry with metastatic breast cancer, 606 of whom died of breast cancer. We identified two germline variants on chromosome 1, rs138569520 and rs146023652, significantly associated with breast cancer-specific survival (P = 3.19 × 10−8 and 4.42 × 10−8). In silico analysis suggested a potential regulatory effect of the variants on the nearby target genes SDE2 and H3F3A. However, the variants showed no evidence of association in a smaller replication dataset. The validation dataset was obtained from the SNPs to Risk of Metastasis (StoRM) study and included 293 patients with metastatic primary breast cancer at diagnosis. Ultimately, larger replication studies are needed to confirm the identified associations. see all
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| Series: |
Scientific reports |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| ISSN-E: | 2045-2322 |
| ISSN-L: | 2045-2322 |
| Volume: | 11 |
| Issue: | 1 |
| Article number: | 19787 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-99409-3 |
| OADOI: | https://oadoi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99409-3 |
| Type of Publication: |
A1 Journal article – refereed |
| Field of Science: |
3122 Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Funding: |
BCAC is funded the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant numbers 634935 and 633784 for BRIDGES and B-CAST respectively), and PERSPECTIVE I&I, funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ministere de l'Economie et de l'Innovation du Quebec through Genome Quebec, the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. The EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme funding source had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. Additional funding for BCAC is provided via the Confluence project which is funded with intramural funds from the National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health. Genotyping of the OncoArray was funded by the NIH Grant U19 CA148065, and Cancer UK Grant C1287/A16563 and the PERSPECTIVE project supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant GPH-129344) and, the Ministere de l'Economie, Science et Innovation du Quebec through Genome Quebec and the PSRSIIRI-701 grant, and the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. Fundin g for iCOGS came from: the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under Grant agreement n degrees 223175 C1287/A10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565), the National Institutes of Health and 1U19 CA148112-the GAME-ON initiative), the Department of Defence for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer, and Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund. ABCFS was supported by Grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centres in the in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The ABCFS was also supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the New South Wales Cancer Council, the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia) and the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium. J.L.H. is a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellow. M.C.S. is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. The ABCS study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society [Grants NKI 2007-3839; 2009-4363; 2015-7632]. The work of the BBCC was partly funded by ELAN-Fond of the University Hospital of Erlangen. The BBCS is funded by Cancer Research UK and Breast Cancer Now and acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). For the BCFR-PA this work was supported by Grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. For BIGGS, ES is supported by NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, United Kingdom. IT is supported by the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.; The BREOGAN is funded by Accion Estrategica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI12/02125/Cofinanciado FEDER; Accion Estrategica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI17/00918/Cofinanciado FEDER; Accion Estrategica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS Intrasalud (PI13/01136); Programa Grupos Emergentes, Cancer Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica Galicia Sur. Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Grant 10CSA012E, Conselleria de Industria Programa Sectorial de Investigacion Aplicada, PEME I + D e I + D Suma del Plan Gallego de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica de la Conselleria de Industria de la Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Grant EC11-192. Fomento de la Investigacion Clinica Independiente, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain; and Grant FEDER-Innterconecta. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Xunta de Galicia, Spain. The BSUCH study was supported by the Dietmar-Hopp Foundation, the Helmholtz Society and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). CCGP is supported by funding from the University of Crete. The CGPS was supported by the Chief Physician Johan Boserup and Lise Boserup Fund, the Danish Medical Research Council, and Herlev and Gentofte Hospital. The American Cancer Society funds the creation, maintenance, and updating of the CPS-II cohort. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission national cohorts are supported by: Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPICMurcia, Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPICOxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) Baden Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts. Additional cases were recruited in the context of the VERDI study, which was supported by a grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe). The GC-HBOC is supported by the German Cancer Aid (Grant no 110837, coordinator: Rita K. Schmutzler, Cologne). This work was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470).; The GENICA was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany Grants 01KW9975/5, 01KW9976/8, 01KW9977/0 and 01KW0114, the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, as well as the Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany. The GESBC was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e. V. [70492] and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). The HABCS study was supported by the Claudia von Schilling Foundation for Breast Cancer Research. The HEBCS was financially supported by the Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund, the Finnish Cancer Society, and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The HUBCS was supported by the program for supporting the bioresource collections.007-030164/2, and the study was performed as part of the assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (.2020-220-08-2197). Financial support for KARBAC was provided through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Cancer Society, The Gustav V Jubilee foundation and Bert von Kantzows foundation. The KARMA study was supported by Marit and Hans Rausings Initiative Against Breast Cancer. The KBCP was financially supported by the special Government Funding (EVO) of Kuopio University Hospital Grants, Cancer Fund of North Savo, the Finnish Cancer Organizations, and by the strategic funding of the University of Eastern Finland. LMBC is supported by the 'Stichting tegen Kanker'. The MARIE study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. [70-2892-BR I, 106332, 108253, 108419, 110826, 110828], the Hamburg Cancer Society, the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany [01KH0402]. MBCSG is supported by grants from the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC). The MCBCS was supported by the NIH Grants R36CA253187, CA192393, CA116167, CA176785 an NIH Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer [CA116201], and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. MCCS cohort recruitment was funded by VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria. The MCCS was further augmented by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Grants 209057, 396414 and 1074383 and by infrastructure provided by Cancer Council Victoria. Cases and their vital status were ascertained through the Victorian Cancer Registry and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, including the National Death Index and the Australian Cancer Database. The MEC was supported by NIH Grants CA63464, CA54281, CA098758, CA132839 and CA164973. The MISS study is supported by funding from ERC-2011-294576 Advanced grant, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council, Local hospital funds, Berta Kamprad Foundation, Gunnar Nilsson. The MMHS study was supported by NIH Grants CA97396, CA128931, CA116201, CA140286 and CA177150. The NBCS has received funding from the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research; the Research Council of Norway Grant 193387/V50 (to A-L Borresen-Dale and V.N. Kristensen) and Grant 193387/H10 (to A-L Borresen-Dale and V.N. Kristensen), South Eastern Norway Health Authority (Grant 39346 to A-L BorresenDale) and the Norwegian Cancer Society (to A-L Borresen-Dale and V.N.Kristensen).; The NC-BCFR was supported by Grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute Institute (P50 CA058223, U54 CA156733, U01 CA179715), and the North Carolina University Cancer Research Fund. The NHS was supported by NIH Grants P01 CA87969, UM1 CA186107, and U19 CA148065. The NHS2 was supported by NIH Grants UM1 CA176726 and U19 CA148065. The OBCS was supported by research grants from the Finnish Cancer Foundation, the Academy of Finland (Grant number 250083, 122715 and Center of Excellence Grant number 251314), the Finnish Cancer Foundation, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the University of Oulu, the University of Oulu Support Foundation and the special Governmental EVO funds for Oulu University Hospital-based research activities. The ORIGO study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (RUL 1997-1505) and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL CP16). The PBCS was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. Genotyping for PLCO was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The PLCO is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and supported by contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The RBCS was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society funding from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR), the US National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. SEARCH is funded by Cancer Research UK [C490/A10124, C490/A16561] and supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge. The University of Cambridge has received salary support for PDPP from the NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve. SKKDKFZS is supported by the DKFZ. The SMC is funded by the Swedish Cancer Foundation and the Swedish Research Council Health (PHRC K 2011). The SZBCS was supported by Grant PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004 and the program of the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name "Regional Initiative of Excellence" in 2019-2022 project number 002/RID/2018/19 amount of financing 12,000,000 PLN. The UCIBCS component of this research was supported by the NIH [CA58860, CA92044] and the Lon V Smith Foundation [LVS39420]. The UKBGS is funded by Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research Research Centre. |
| Academy of Finland Grant Number: |
251314 122715 |
| Detailed Information: |
251314 (Academy of Finland Funding decision) 122715 (Academy of Finland Funding decision) |
| Copyright information: |
© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |