Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between endometriosis and nongynecological diseases in the general female population by age 50?

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: Study participants with and without endometriosis were identified from a general population-based birth cohort. The analyzed data, linking to the national hospital discharge registers, spanned up to the age of 50 years.

Patient(s): Endometriosis case identification was based on national register data and self-reported diagnoses, producing a study population of 349 women with endometriosis and 3,499 women without endometriosis.

Main outcome measure(s): International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes from 1968 to 2016 were accumulated from the Finnish national Care Register for Health Care, whereas self-reported symptoms and continuous medication usage data were collected from the questionnaires distributed at age 46. The associations between endometriosis and comorbidities were assessed using logistic regression models that included several covariates. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were modeled. Endometriosis subtype and temporal analyses were also performed.

Result(s): Women with endometriosis were on average twice as likely to have hospital-based nongynecological diagnoses as women without endometriosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.32; 95% CI, 1.07–5.02). In more detail, endometriosis was associated with allergies, infectious diseases, pain-causing diseases, and respiratory diseases. Moreover, the affected women presented with nonspecific symptoms and signs (aOR 3.56; 95% CI, 2.73–4.64), especially abdominal and pelvic pain (aOR 4.33; 95% CI, 3.13–4.76) more often compared with nonendometriosis controls. The temporal analysis revealed that diagnoses accumulated at a significantly younger age among women with endometriosis than in nonendometriosis counterparts.

Conclusion(s): Women with endometriosis have a high risk for several chronic diseases compared with women without endometriosis, underlying the need for awareness and targeted resources for these women in the health care system. Moreover, endometriosis should be considered in the presence of nonspecific symptoms and abdominal pain, as they may conceal the disease and cause considerable delay in diagnosis and treatment.