The role of hypoxia-inducible factor post-translational modifications in regulating its localisation, stability, and activity
Albanese, Adam; Daly, Leonard A.; Mennerich, Daniela; Kietzmann, Thomas; Sée, Violaine (2020-12-29)
Albanese, A.; Daly, L.A.; Mennerich, D.; Kietzmann, T.; Sée, V. The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Post-Translational Modifications in Regulating Its Localisation, Stability, and Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010268
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe202103298730
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The hypoxia signalling pathway enables adaptation of cells to decreased oxygen availability. When oxygen becomes limiting, the central transcription factors of the pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), are stabilised and activated to induce the expression of hypoxia-regulated genes, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Whilst hydroxylation has been thoroughly described as the major and canonical modification of the HIF-α subunits, regulating both HIF stability and activity, a range of other post-translational modifications decorating the entire protein play also a crucial role in altering HIF localisation, stability, and activity. These modifications, their conservation throughout evolution, and their effects on HIF-dependent signalling are discussed in this review.
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