Maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children : a birth cohort study
Mattila, Markus; Hakola, Leena; Niinistö, Sari; Tapanainen, Heli; Takkinen, Hanna-Mari; Ahonen, Suvi; Ilonen, Jorma; Toppari, Jorma; Veijola, Riitta; Knip, Mikael; Virtanen, Suvi M. (2021-03-13)
Mattila, M.; Hakola, L.; Niinistö, S.; Tapanainen, H.; Takkinen, H.-M.; Ahonen, S.; Ilonen, J.; Toppari, J.; Veijola, R.; Knip, M.; Virtanen, S.M. Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030928
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021051830268
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the offspring’s risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997–2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring.
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