Dynamics of complex systems built as coupled physical, communication and decision layers
Kuhnlenz, Florian; Nardelli, Pedro H. J. (2016-01-05)
Kühnlenz F, Nardelli PHJ (2016) Dynamics of Complex Systems Built as Coupled Physical, Communication and Decision Layers. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0145135. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145135
© 2016 Kühnlenz, Nardelli. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021071241347
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
This paper proposes a simple model to capture the complexity of multilayer systems where their constituent layers affect, and are affected by, each other. The physical layer is a circuit composed by a power source and resistors in parallel. Every individual agent aims at maximizing its own delivered power by adding, removing or keeping the resistors it has; the delivered power is in turn a non-linear function that depends on the other agents’ behavior, its own internal state, its global state perception, the information received from its neighbors via the communication network and a randomized selfishness. We develop an agent-based simulation to analyze the effects of number of agents (system size), communication network topology, communication errors and the minimum power gain that triggers a behavioral change on the system dynamic. Our results show that a wave-like behavior at macro-level (caused by individual changes in the decision layer) can only emerge for a specific system size. The ratio between cooperators and defectors depends on the minimum gain assumed-lower minimal gains lead to less cooperation, and vice-versa. Different communication network topologies imply different levels of power utilization and fairness at the physical layer, and a certain level of error in the communication layer induces more cooperation.
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