Solid-state pulsed time-of-flight 3-D range imaging using CMOS SPAD focal plane array receiver and block-based illumination techniques
Kostamovaara, Juha; Jahromi, Sahba; Hallman, Lauri; Duan, Guoyong; Jansson, Jussi-Pekka; Keränen, Pekka (2022-02-24)
J. Kostamovaara, S. Jahromi, L. Hallman, G. Duan, J. -P. Jansson and P. Keränen, "Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight 3-D Range Imaging Using CMOS SPAD Focal Plane Array Receiver and Block-Based Illumination Techniques," in IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1-11, April 2022, Art no. 6817911, doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3153487
© The Author(s) 2022. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022050432557
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Full realization of a solid-state 3-D range imager based on the pulsed time-of-flight method is presented. The system uses block-based segmented illumination in the transmitter realized with a 16-element common anode laser diode bar. The receiver is based on a single chip 2-D SPAD/TDC 0.35 μm CMOS array with 32 × 128 SPAD pixels and 257 TDCs. Segmentation of the illumination improves the SN BG R in the detection and results in simpler receiver realization than in the commonly used flood-illumination approach. The system is capable of producing cm-accurate 3-D range images within a FOV of 40° × 10° up to a range of 15 m in normal office lighting at a frame rate of ∼30 fps using a low average illumination power of only 2.6 mW. In background illumination of ∼20 klux, 3-D range images were captured at a distance of ∼13 m using the gated SPAD approach at a frame rate of ∼1 fps.
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